Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31932672›Full record

ArticleNature materials2020

The entry of nanoparticles into solid tumours.

Shrey Sindhwani, Abdullah Muhammad Syed, Jessica Ngai, Benjamin R Kingston, Laura Maiorino, Jeremy Rothschild, Presley MacMillan, Yuwei Zhang, Netra Unni Rajesh, Tran Hoang and 10 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature materials, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 636 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
636citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
81.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

636 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,565 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Review
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  9. Modified tumor uptake and biodistribution of nanoparticles coated with small extracellular vesicle membranes derived from distinct tumor cell lines.International journal of hyperthermia : the official journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology, North American Hyperthermia Group · 2026
    Article
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  11. Shedding light on the cancer cell death mechanism in photodynamic therapy.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Review
  12. Article
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576 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Shrey Sindhwani *Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4453-1076
Abdullah Muhammad Syed *Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9156-9662
Jessica Ngai *Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Benjamin R Kingston *Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1491-0366
Laura Maiorino *Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8217-1337
Jeremy RothschildDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Presley MacMillanDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3778-8455
Yuwei ZhangDepartment of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Netra Unni RajeshDivision of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Tran HoangInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Jamie L Y WuInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7663-4964
Stefan WilhelmStephenson School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2167-6221
Anton ZilmanInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Suresh GaddeDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9102-3029
Andrew SulaimanDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Ben OuyangInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1331-7093
Zachary LinInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Lisheng WangDepartment of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Mikala EgebladCold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY, USA.
Warren C W ChanInstitute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. warren.chan@utoronto.ca.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5435-4785
University of Toronto · CAUniversity of Ottawa · CACold Spring Harbor Laboratory · USUniversity of Oklahoma · US

Funding

CIHR FDN-159932CIHR PJT-148848
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concept of nanoparticle transport through gaps between endothelial cells (inter-endothelial gaps) in the tumour blood vessel is a central paradigm in cancer nanomedicine. The size of these gaps was found to be up to 2,000 nm. This justified the development of nanoparticles to treat solid tumours as their size is small enough to extravasate and access the tumour microenvironment. Here we show that these inter-endothelial gaps are not responsible for the transport of nanoparticles into solid tumours. Instead, we found that up to 97% of nanoparticles enter tumours using an active process through endothelial cells. This result is derived from analysis of four different mouse models, three different types of human tumours, mathematical simulation and modelling, and two different types of imaging techniques. These results challenge our current rationale for developing cancer nanomedicine and suggest that understanding these active pathways will unlock strategies to enhance tumour accumulation.

Indexed as

GoldMetal NanoparticlesModels, BiologicalNeoplasms, ExperimentalAnimalsCell Line, TumorHumansMiceMice, Inbred BALB CTumor MicroenvironmentXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysGold

Identifiers

PMID31932672
OpenAlexW2998882776

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.