ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2020
Socioeconomic and migration status as predictors of emergency caesarean section: a birth cohort study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Maternal and neonatal outcomes of second-generation mothers in Europe: a systematic review.Globalization and health · 2025Pooled it
- Caesarean section and obesity in young adult offspring: Update of a systematic review with meta-analysis.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2022Pooled it
- Socioeconomic Factors Associated with Fetal Tachyarrhythmia Management and Outcomes: A Single-Center Retrospective Review of a Consistent Protocol.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Obstetric outcomes in second-generation and migrant mothers: a cohort study in the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Article
- Can the Care Need Index Identify Healthcare Centres With Higher Proportions of Children at Risk?Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Do the Antenatal Care and Perinatal Outcomes of Women with a Vietnamese Migration Background Differ from Those of Other Women?: A Retrospective Analysis.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2025Article
- Racial and Ethnic Disparity in the Administration of General Anesthesia.Anesthesia and critical care (Houston, Tex.) · 2024Article
- Perinatal health among migrant women: A longitudinal register study in Finland 2000-17.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- Prediction of odds for emergency cesarean section: A secondary analysis of the CHILD term birth cohort study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Prevalence and Factors Associated With Caesarean Delivery in Nepal: Evidence From a Nationally Representative Sample.Cureus · 2021Article
- Immigration and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in an Italian Free Care Hospital.International journal of women's health · 2021Article
- Trends and sociodemographic inequalities in the use of caesarean section in Indonesia, 1987-2017.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Neonatal effect of remifentanil in cesarean section with general anesthesia: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2020Article
- Potential of Standard Perinatal Data for Measuring Violation of Birth Integrity.Frontiers in global women's health · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWomen with a migration background are reportedly at a higher risk of emergency caesarean section. There is evidence that this is due in part to suboptimal antenatal care use and quality of care. Despite the fact that migrant women and descendants of migrants are often at risk of socioeconomic disadvantage, there is, in comparison, scarce and incomplete evidence on the role of socioeconomic position as an independent risk factor for emergency caesarean delivery. We therefore investigate whether and how migration background and two markers of socioeconomic position affect the risk of an emergency caesarean section and whether they interact with each other.
methodsIn 2013-2016, we recruited women during the perinatal period in Bielefeld, Germany, collecting data on health and socioeconomic and migration background, as well as routine perinatal data. We studied associations between migration background (1st generation migrant, 2nd/3rd generation woman, no migration background), socioeconomic status (educational attainment and net monthly household income), and the outcome emergency caesarean section.
resultsOf the 881 participants, 21% (n = 185) had an emergency caesarean section. Analyses showed no association between having an emergency caesarean section and migration status or education. Women in the lowest (< 800€/month) and second lowest (between 800 and 1750€/month) income categories were more likely (aOR: 1.96, CI: 1.01-3.81; and aOR: 2.36, CI: 1.27-4.40, respectively) to undergo an emergency caesarean section than women in the higher income groups.
conclusionsMigration status and education did not explain heterogeneity in mode of birth. Having a low household income, however, increased the chances of emergency caesarean section and thereby contributed towards producing health disadvantages. Awareness of these findings and measures to correct these inequalities could help to improve the quality of obstetric care.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.