ArticleEnvironment international2020
Onset and tempo of sexual maturation is differentially associated with gestational phthalate exposure between boys and girls in a Mexico City birth cohort.
Article in Environment international, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Prenatal and postnatal exposures to endocrine disrupting chemicals and timing of pubertal onset in girls and boys: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human reproduction update · 2022Pooled it
- Pregnancy exposure to individual phthalate concentrations and their mixtures in relation to pediatric serum antibody response.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- BRIDGING THE GAP: ENHANCING THE GENERALIZABILITY OF EPIGENETIC CLOCKS THROUGH TRANSFER LEARNING.The annals of applied statistics · 2026Article
- IMPACT OF REAL-LIFE ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES ON REPRODUCTION: Phthalates disrupt female reproductive health: a call for enhanced investigation into mixtures.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Cross-sectional associations between phthalates, phenols, and parabens with metabolic syndrome risk during early-to-mid adolescence among a cohort of Mexican youth.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Longitudinal association of prepubertal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with pubertal progression among a cohort of boys.Environmental research · 2023Article
- Impact of Chemicals on the Age of Menarche: A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Associations of prepubertal urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations with pubertal onset among a longitudinal cohort of boys.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Early programming of reproductive health and fertility: novel neuroendocrine mechanisms and implications in reproductive medicine.Human reproduction update · 2022Review
- Associations between Prenatal Exposure to Phthalates and Timing of Menarche and Growth and Adiposity into Adulthood: A Twenty-Years Birth Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Identifying environmental exposure profiles associated with timing of menarche: A two-step machine learning approach to examine multiple environmental exposures.Environmental research · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Phthalates are endocrine disrupting compounds commonly found in consumer products, exposure to which may influence reproductive maturation. Effects from exposure in utero on the onset and progression of sexual development are understudied. We examined longitudinal associations between gestational phthalate exposure and sexual maturation at two points in adolescence (8-14, 9-18 years). Gestational exposure was quantified using the geometric mean of 3 trimester-specific urinary phthalate metabolite measurements. Sexual maturation was assessed using Tanner stages and menarche onset for girls and Tanner stages and testicular volume for boys. Generalized estimating equations for correlated ordinal multinomial responses were used to model relationships between phthalates and odds of transitioning to the next Tanner stage, while generalized additive (GA) mixed models were used to assess the odds of menarche. All models were adjusted for child age (centered around the mean), BMI z-score, change in BMI between visits, time (years) between visits (ΔT), and interactions between ΔT and mean-centered child age and the natural log of exposure metabolite concentration. Among girls, a doubling of gestational MBzP concentrations was associated with increased odds of being at a higher Tanner stage for breast development at 8-14 years (OR = 4.62; 95% CI: 1.38, 15.5), but with slower progression of breast development over the follow-up period (OR = 0.65 per year; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.92) after adjustment for child age and BMI z-score. Similar results were found for ∑DEHP levels and breast development. In boys, a doubling of gestational MBP concentrations was associated with lower odds of being at a higher Tanner stage for pubic hair growth at 8-14 years (OR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.95) but with faster progression (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.69). These results indicate that gestational phthalate exposures may impact the onset and progression of sexual development, and that these relationships differ between boys and girls.
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