ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids2020
The macular carotenoids: A biochemical overview.
Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for age-related macular degeneration: an umbrella analysis of systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effects of Paprika Xanthophyll Intake on Endurance and Cognitive Function in College Students: A Crossover Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2025Trial
- Visual cycle-derived bisretinoids as endogenous natural products: enzyme-free formation, photochemical reactivity, and retinal degeneration.Natural product reports · 2026Review
- Iontophoresis Drug Delivery to the Macula of Lutein for Age Related Macular Degeneration.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Bioactive Properties of Carotenoids in Ocular Diseases: Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Neuroprotective Effects.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Chloroplasts as ingredients for food: a review.Food & function · 2026Review
- Bromatological Profile of Fruits fromAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Carrot extracellular nanovesicles as carotenoid carriers in an in vitro macular degeneration model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Carotenoid bioavailability in humans reflects the mammalian nocturnal bottleneck: a position paper.Journal of clinical biochemistry and nutrition · 2026Article
- Retinal Carotenoid Supplementation Increases HDL Cholesterol in Humans and Mice.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Phenolic, Carotenoid, and Elemental Profiles in ThreeMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Nutrient and Phytochemical Composition of Nine African Leafy Vegetables: A Comparative Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Macular Pigment Carotenoid Supplementation for the Preservation of Visual Structure and Function Following a Collegiate Rugby Season.Eye and brain · 2025Article
- Carotenoid Supplementation for Alleviating the Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Dynamic and Energetic Aspects of Carotenoids In-and-Around Model Lipid Membranes Revealed in Molecular Modelling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- In Vivo Correlation Between Macular Pigment Optical Volume and Retinal Layers Thickness.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Observational
- The Effects of Jet-Milling and Pulsed Electric Fields on the Preservation of Spinach Juice Lutein Contents during Storage.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Macular Pigment Assessment in Indian Population Using Degree of Polarization Threshold: Impact of Diet on Macular Pigment Density.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Combined 6-benzylaminopurine and HApplied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Among the more than 750 carotenoids identified in nature, only lutein, zeaxanthin, meso-zeaxanthin, and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macula lutea region of the human retina. These retinal carotenoids are collectively referred to as the macular pigment (MP) and are obtained only through dietary sources such as green leafy vegetables and yellow and orange fruits and vegetables. Lutein- and zeaxanthin-specific binding proteins (StARD3 and GSTP1, respectively) mediate the highly selective uptake of MP into the retina. Meso-zeaxanthin is rarely present in the diet, and its unique presence in the human eye results from metabolic conversion from dietary lutein by the RPE65 enzyme. The MP carotenoids filter high-intensity, short-wavelength visible light and are powerful antioxidants in a region vulnerable to light-induced oxidative stress. This review focuses on MP chemistry, absorption, metabolism, transport, and distribution with special emphasis on animal models used for MP study. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Carotenoids recent advances in cell and molecular biology edited by Johannes von Lintig and Loredana Quadro.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.