ArticleFood and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association2020
A strategy for test article selection and phytochemical characterization of Echinacea purpurea extract for safety testing.
Article in Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The trial behind it
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune system evaluation of Echinacea Purpurea root extract in female Harlan Sprague Dawley (Hsd:Sprague Dawley SD) rats.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2026Article
- Herbal Immunostimulants and Their Phytochemicals: ExploringPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Piriformospora indica culture filtrate and cell extract induce chicoric acid production in Echinacea purpurea hairy roots.PloS one · 2025Article
- Integrating DNA Barcoding Within an Orthogonal Approach for Herbal Product Authentication: A Narrative Review.Phytochemical analysis : PCA · 2025Review
- Advancing botanical safety: A strategy for selecting, sourcing, and characterizing botanicals for developing toxicological tools.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2024Article
- Polyphenolic Characterization and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of In Vitro Digested Extracts ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Structural Analysis and Classification of Low-Molecular-Weight Hyaluronic Acid by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy: A Comparison between Traditional Machine Learning and Deep Learning.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Quality Consistency of Herbal Products: Chemical Evaluation.Progress in the chemistry of organic natural products · 2023Article
- Review
- Working with the natural complexity: Selection and characterization of black cohosh root extract for use in toxicology testing.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2022Article
- Optimizing hydroponic culture media and NOScientific reports · 2021Article
- CanHeliyon · 2021Review
- Chemical Authentication of Botanical Ingredients: A Review of Commercial Herbal Products.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The Importance of Reference Materials and Method Validation for Advancing Research on the Health Effects of Dietary Supplements and Other Natural Products.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- Comparison of phytochemical composition of Ginkgo biloba extracts using a combination of non-targeted and targeted analytical approaches.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Botanical dietary supplements (BDS) are used around the world for many purported therapeutic properties. The selection of an authentic product and it's phytochemical characterization is critical to generate robust safety data. Because botanicals are complex mixtures with variable quality, identification of a representative product for testing has been challenging. Echinacea is used for its purported immune stimulant properties and was listed as the 2nd top-selling BDS in 2018. However, there are limited safety data for Echinacea. Hence, the National Toxicology Program (NTP) has selected Echinacea for safety testing using rodent models. Here, we describe selection and comprehensive characterization of an Echinacea purpurea root extract to be used in the NTP testing program. Using non-targeted chemical analyses combined with chemometric analysis, a potential unfinished product (i.e., an extract that serves as source material for finished products) of Echinacea purpurea was selected. The product was then authenticated using chemical and DNA techniques and characterized, including the phytochemical composition. Among numerous constituents identified, caftaric acid, chicoric acid, chlorogenic acid and dodeca-2(E),4(E),8(Z),10(E/Z)-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide made up a small fraction of the extract. Based on these analyses, an approach is proposed for test article selection for Echinacea research which can be adapted to other botanicals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.