Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31929670›Full record

ArticlePopulation and environment2019

Missing millions: undercounting urbanization in India.

Kyle Onda, Parmanand Sinha, Andrea E Gaughan, Forrest R Stevens, Nikhil Kaza

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Population and environment, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kyle Onda1Department of City & Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3140, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4714-7654
Parmanand Sinha2Department of Geography & Geosciences, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
Andrea E Gaughan2Department of Geography & Geosciences, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
Forrest R Stevens2Department of Geography & Geosciences, University of Louisville, Lutz Hall, Louisville, KY 40292 USA.
Nikhil Kaza1Department of City & Regional Planning, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Campus Box 3140, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The measurement and characterization of urbanization crucially depends upon defining what counts as urban. The government of India estimates that only 31% of the population is urban. We show that this is an artifact of the definition of urbanity and an underestimate of the level of urbanization in India. We use a random forest-based model to create a high-resolution (~ 100 m) population grid from district-level data available from the Indian Census for 2001 and 2011, a novel application of such methods to create temporally consistent population grids. We then apply a community-detection clustering algorithm to construct urban agglomerations for the entire country. Compared with the 2011 official statistics, we estimate 12% more of urban population, but find fewer mid-size cities. We also identify urban agglomerations that span jurisdictional boundaries across large portions of Kerala and the Gangetic Plain.

Indexed as

Gridded population dataIndiaUrban agglomerationsUrbanizationUrban-rural delineation

Identifiers

PMID31929670
PMCPMC6934249

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.