ArticlePloS one2020
Pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of ketamine after intranasal administration to dexmedetomidine sedated dogs.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Multispecies Systematic and Critical Review of Intranasal Administration in Veterinary Anaesthesia and Emergency Care: Promising Evidence and Overlooked Challenges.Veterinary medicine and science · 2026Pooled it
- The intelligent lift: Artificial Intelligence's growing role in plastic surgery - a comprehensive review.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Pooled it
- Computed Tomographic Volumetric Analysis of the Nasal Cavities in Domestic Cats (Felis catus) and Anatomical Implications for Intranasal Drug Delivery.Anatomia, histologia, embryologia · 2026Article
- Simple preparation and greatly improved oral bioavailability: The supersaturated drug delivery system of quercetin based on PVP K30.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- Effect of Acute Ketamine Treatment on Sympathetic Regulation Indexed by Electrodermal Activity in Adolescent Major Depression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of ketamine, propofol and isoflurane on electrocardiographic variables in clinically healthy dogs premedicated with medetomidine and midazolam.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2024Article
- Intranasal Atomization of Ketamine, Medetomidine and Butorphanol in Pet Rabbits Using a Mucosal Atomization Device.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Article
- Comparing the effects of intravenous injection and intranasal atomisation of detomidine in sheep.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Dexmedetomidine Effectively Sedates Asian Elephants (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Development of Thermosensitive and Mucoadhesive Hydrogel for Buccal Delivery of (Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetics of intravenous, oral transmucosal, and intranasal buprenorphine in healthy male dogs.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2022Article
- Pharmacokinetics of Cannabidiol Following Intranasal, Intrarectal, and Oral Administration in Healthy Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- First-line management of canine status epilepticus at home and in hospital-opportunities and limitations of the various administration routes of benzodiazepines.BMC veterinary research · 2021Review
- ACVIM Consensus Statement on the management of status epilepticus and cluster seizures in dogs and cats.Journal of veterinary internal medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Intranasal ketamine has recently gained interest in human medicine, not only for its sedative, anaesthetic or analgesic properties, but also in the management of treatment resistant depression, where it has been shown to be an effective, fast acting alternative treatment. Since several similarities are reported between human psychiatric disorders and canine anxiety disorders, intranasal ketamine could serve as an alternative treatment for anxiety disordered dogs. However, to the authors knowledge, intranasal administration of ketamine and its pharmacokinetics have never been described in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the pharmacokinetics, absolute bioavailability and tolerability of intranasal ketamine administration compared with intravenous administration. Seven healthy, adult laboratory Beagle dogs were included in this randomized crossover study. The dogs received 2 mg/kg body weight ketamine intravenously (IV) or intranasally (IN), with a two-week wash-out period. Prior to ketamine administration, dogs were sedated intramuscularly with dexmedetomidine. Venous blood samples were collected at fixed times until 480 min post-administration and ketamine plasma concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Cardiovascular parameters and sedation scores were recorded at the same time points. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis revealed a rapid (Tmax = 0.25 ± 0.14 h) and complete IN bioavailability (F = 147.65 ± 49.97%). Elimination half-life was similar between both administration routes (T1/2el IV = 1.47 ± 0.24 h, T1/2el IN = 1.50 ± 0.97 h). Heart rate and sedation scores were significantly higher at 5 and 10 min following IV administration compared to IN administration, but not at the later time-points.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.