ArticlePloS one2020
Identifying site- and stimulation-specific TMS-evoked EEG potentials using a quantitative cosine similarity metric.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Methodological Choices Matter: A Systematic Comparison of TMS-EEG Studies Targeting the Primary Motor Cortex.Human brain mapping · 2024Pooled it
- Exploration of NMDA and GABA receptor-mediated plasticity induced by 10-Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation.Translational psychiatry · 2026Trial
- Neural effects of TMS trains on the human prefrontal cortex.Scientific reports · 2023Trial
- Subgenual cingulate connectivity and hippocampal activation are related to MST therapeutic and adverse effects.Translational psychiatry · 2020Trial
- Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Combined With Electroencephalography Analysis Suggest Time-Dependent and Region-Specific Modulation of Cortical Excitability During Acute Alcohol Intoxication.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026Article
- Clinical utility and prospective of TMS-EEG: Updated review from an international expert group.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Influence of Large-Scale Brain State Dynamics on the Evoked Response to Brain Stimulation.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Improving inter-session performance via relevant session-transfer for multi-session motor imagery classification.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Mapping cortical excitability in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Reliability of the TMS-evoked potential in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Characterising the contribution of auditory and somatosensory inputs to TMS-evoked potentials following stimulation of prefrontal, premotor, and parietal cortex.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Neural effects of TMS trains on the human prefrontal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Baseline markers of cortical excitation and inhibition predict response to theta burst stimulation treatment for youth depression.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Isolating sensory artifacts in the suprathreshold TMS-EEG signal over DLPFC.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Experimental suppression of transcranial magnetic stimulation-electroencephalography sensory potentials.Human brain mapping · 2022Article
- Investigation of Spatiotemporal Profiles of Single-Pulse TMS-Evoked Potentials with Active Stimulation Compared with a Novel Sham Condition.Biosensors · 2022Article
- Binding sites of miRNA on the overexpressed genes of oral cancer using 7mer-seed match.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2022Article
- Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on neurobiological changes in Alzheimer's disease (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2022Review
- A structured ICA-based process for removing auditory evoked potentials.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Recording brain responses to TMS of primary motor cortex by EEG - utility of an optimized sham procedure.NeuroImage · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ability to interpret transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked electroencephalography (EEG) potentials (TEPs) is limited by artifacts, such as auditory evoked responses produced by discharge of the TMS coil. TEPs generated from direct cortical stimulation should vary in their topographical activity pattern according to stimulation site and differ from responses to sham stimulation. Responses that do not show these effects are likely to be artifactual. In 20 healthy volunteers, we delivered active and sham TMS to the right prefrontal, left primary motor, and left posterior parietal cortex and compared the waveform similarity of TEPs between stimulation sites and active and sham TMS using a cosine similarity-based analysis method. We identified epochs after the stimulus when the spatial pattern of TMS-evoked activation showed greater than random similarity between stimulation sites and sham vs. active TMS, indicating the presence of a dominant artifact. To do this, we binarized the derivatives of the TEPs recorded from 30 EEG channels and calculated cosine similarity between conditions at each time point with millisecond resolution. Only TEP components occurring before approximately 80 ms differed across stimulation sites and between active and sham, indicating site and condition-specific responses. We therefore conclude that, in the absence of noise masking or other measures to decrease neural artifact, TEP components before about 80 ms can be safely interpreted as stimulation location-specific responses to TMS, but components beyond this latency should be interpreted with caution due to high similarity in their topographical activity pattern.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.