Observational studyCancer medicine2020
Cigarette smoking increases the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma through the elevated level of IgA antibody against Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen: A mediation analysis.
Observational study in Cancer medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking and nasopharyngeal cancer: individual data meta-analysis of six prospective studies on 334 935 men.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Pooled it
- Nasopharyngeal carcinoma: epidemiology, risk factors, signaling pathways, clinical features, diagnosis, and management.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Therapeutic Innovations in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Current Strategies and Emerging Perspectives.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Assessing T-cell responses to Epstein-Barr virus in individuals at risk for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Infectious agents and cancer · 2026Article
- Achieving control of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the role of Epstein-Barr virus-based screening and vaccines.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Association of cigarette smoking intensity and pack-years with metabolic syndrome: A cross-sectional study.Bioinformation · 2026Article
- Screening of Theaflavins That Inhibit Proliferation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Through Metabolomics Approaches.Food science & nutrition · 2025Article
- The Cancer Burden in Sarawak, Malaysia: Sarawak Cancer Report.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Detection of EBV DNA in clinically ill patients from 2013 to 2023 in Beijing, China.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Prognostic analysis of early-onset and late-onset nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective study.Discover oncology · 2024Article
- Global, regional and national burdens of Nasopharynx cancer in the adolescents and young adults from 1990 to 2019 and its predictions.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Article
- A Distinct Anti-EBV DNase Profile in Patients with Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Compared to Classical Antigens.Viruses · 2023Article
- Performance and Operational Feasibility of Epstein-Barr Virus-Based Screening for Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Direct Comparison of Two Alternative Approaches.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Article
- Associations between serum trace elements and the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a multi-center case-control study in Guangdong Province, southern China.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Associated Factors of Cognitive Impairment Among Stroke Survivors at Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals in Northwest Ethiopia: Multi-Centered Cross-Sectional Study.Vascular health and risk management · 2023Article
- Article
- Environmental Factors for Epstein-Barr Virus Reactivation in a High-Risk Area of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study.Open forum infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Identifying Epstein-Barr virus peptide sequences associated with differential IgG antibody response.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Interplay between Epstein-Barr virus infection and environmental xenobiotic exposure in cancer.Infectious agents and cancer · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
25 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe study aims are to evaluate the associations between nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) risk and cigarette smoking and to explore the effects of cigarette smoking on Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection for NPC risk.
methods1235 male NPC cases and 1262 hospital-based male controls matched to cases were recruited across six collaborative hospitals between 2010 and 2014. Using a standardized questionnaire, information on cigarette smoking and other potential risk factors for NPC was obtained. Blood was collected and used for anti-EBV VCA IgA and anti-EBV EA-EBNA1 IgA testing using standard methods. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for each risk factor after adjusting for confounders.
results63.6% of cases and 44.0% of controls reported ever smoking cigarettes. After full adjustment, current smokers had a significant 1.60-fold (95% CI = 1.30-1.97) and former smokers a borderline significant 1.27-fold (95% CI = 1.00-1.60) increased NPC risk compared to never smokers. NPC risk increased with increasing duration, intensity, and pack-years of cigarette smoking but not with age at smoking initiation. Among controls, anti-EBV VCA IgA seropositivity rate was higher in current smokers than never smokers (14.0% vs 8.4%; OR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.19-2.79). Mediation analyses showed that more than 90% of the cigarette smoking effect on NPC risk is mediated through anti-EBV VCA IgA.
conclusionThis study confirms the association between long-term cigarette smoking and NPC and demonstrates that current smoking is associated with seropositivity of anti-EBV VCA IgA antibodies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.