ReviewNeuroradiology2020
Brain miliary enhancement.
Review in Neuroradiology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- The etiological spectrum of miliary brain lesions: A systematic review of published cases and case series.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Pooled it
- European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on Primary Angiitis of the Central Nervous System (PACNS).European stroke journal · 2023Guideline
- Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated cytomegalovirus encephalitis: clinical, imaging, and follow-up characteristics of 11 cases.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Progressive Encephalomyelopathy in an Older Man: A Case Report From the National Multiple Sclerosis Society Case Conference Proceedings.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2024Review
- Cerebrospinal fluid protein levels are elevated 100 times in a Leptomeningeal metastasis patient: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- Freiburg Neuropathology Case Conference : A 51-year-old Patient Presenting with Transient Speech Disorder and a Mass Lesion in the Right Parietal White Matter.Clinical neuroradiology · 2022Article
- Brain biopsy before or after treatment with corticosteroids?Neuroradiology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeMiliary enhancement refers to the presence of multiple small, monomorphic, enhancing foci on T1-weighted post-contrast MRI images. In the absence of a clear clinical presentation, a broad differential diagnosis may result in invasive procedures and possibly brain biopsy for diagnostic purposes.
methodsAn extensive review of the literature is provided for diseases that may present with miliary enhancement on T1-weighted brain MR images. Additional disease-specific findings, both clinical and radiological, are summarized and categorized by the presence or absence of perivascular space involvement.
resultsMiliary pattern of enhancement may be due to a variety of underlying causes, including inflammatory, infectious, nutritional or neoplastic processes. The recognition of disease spread along the perivascular spaces in addition to the detection or exclusion of disease-specific features on MRI images, such as leptomeningeal enhancement, presence of haemorrhagic lesions, spinal cord involvement and specific localisation or systemic involvement, allows to narrow the potential differential diagnoses.
conclusionA systematic approach to disease-specific findings from both clinical and radiological perspectives might facilitate diagnostic work-up, and recognition of disease spread along the perivascular spaces may help narrowing down differential diagnoses and may help to minimize the use of invasive diagnostic procedures.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.