ArticleNature protocols2020
Biomimetic smoking robot for in vitro inhalation exposure compatible with microfluidic organ chips.
Article in Nature protocols, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preclinical models of COPD: a state of the art review.The European respiratory journal · 2026Review
- Respiratory Organ-on-a-Chip for Disease Modeling: From Architecture to Functional Integration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Bionic breathing-type airway exposure system for inhalation exposure studies.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- A next-generation system for smoke inhalation integrated with a breathing lung-on-chip to model human lung responses to cigarette exposure.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Lung-on-a-chip: From design principles to disease applications.Biomicrofluidics · 2025Review
- Article
- Multidisciplinary approaches in electronic nicotine delivery systems pulmonary toxicology: emergence of living and non-living bioinspired engineered systems.Communications engineering · 2024Review
- Developing organs-on-chips for biomedical applications.Smart medicine · 2024Review
- Flow Rate and Wall Shear Stress Characterization of a Biomimetic Aerosol Exposure System.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2024Article
- Characterization of mass distribution in a biomimetic aerosol exposure system.Inhalation toxicology · 2024Article
- The promise of Synovial Joint-on-a-Chip in rheumatoid arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Challenges in current inhalable tobacco toxicity assessment models: A narrative review.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Review
- On the path to predicting immune responses in the lung: Modeling the pulmonary innate immune system at the air-liquid interface (ALI).European journal of pharmaceutical sciences : official journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences · 2023Review
- Innovative three-dimensional models for understanding mechanisms underlying lung diseases: powerful tools for translational research.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Review
- Article
- Construction and imaging of a neurovascular unit model.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Fluidic circuit board with modular sensor and valves enables stand-alone, tubeless microfluidic flow control in organs-on-chips.Lab on a chip · 2022Article
- Article
- Review
- Reversed-engineered human alveolar lung-on-a-chip model.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Exposure of lung tissues to cigarette smoke is a major cause of human disease and death worldwide. Unfortunately, adequate model systems that can reliably recapitulate disease biogenesis in vitro, including exposure of the human lung airway to fresh whole cigarette smoke (WCS) under physiological breathing airflow, are lacking. This protocol extension builds upon, and can be used with, our earlier protocol for microfabrication of human organs-on-chips. Here, we describe the engineering, assembly and operation of a microfluidically coupled, multi-compartment platform that bidirectionally 'breathes' WCS through microchannels of a human lung small airway microfluidic culture device, mimicking how lung cells may experience smoke in vivo. Several WCS-exposure systems have been developed, but they introduce smoke directly from above the cell cultures, rather than tangentially as naturally occurs in the lung due to lateral airflow. We detail the development of an organ chip-compatible microrespirator and a smoke machine to simulate breathing behavior and smoking topography parameters such as puff time, inter-puff interval and puffs per cigarette. Detailed design files, assembly instructions and control software are provided. This novel platform can be fabricated and assembled in days and can be used repeatedly. Moderate to advanced engineering and programming skills are required to successfully implement this protocol. When coupled with the small airway chip, this protocol can enable prediction of patient-specific biological responses in a matched-comparative manner. We also demonstrate how to adapt the protocol to expose living ciliated airway epithelial cells to smoke generated by electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) on-chip.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.