SynthesisPloS one2020
Impact of multi-drug resistant bacteria on economic and clinical outcomes of healthcare-associated infections in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The Economics of Antibiotic Resistance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Based on Global Research.Applied health economics and health policy · 2026Pooled it
- The potential role of violet-blue light to preventing hospital acquired infections: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Pooled it
- Early detection of postoperative infections using continuous temperature monitoring: A prospective clinical trial.Journal of clinical monitoring and computing · 2026Trial
- EFFECT of daily antiseptic bathing with octenidine on ICU-acquired bacteremia and ICU-acquired multidrug-resistant organisms: a multicenter, cluster-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study.Intensive care medicine · 2024Trial
- Direct Hospitalization Costs Associated with Resistant and SusceptibleFoodborne pathogens and disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Gut Hi-C metagenomes of severe COVID-19 patients: bacteria and yeast involved in gut-lung axis.mSphere · 2026Article
- Cyclomodulins and supplementary virulence genes as determinants of clinical severity and antimicrobial resistance in uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Biofilm-driven LPS remodeling and colanic acid overproduction mediate biocide adaptation and antibiotic cross-resistance in E. coli.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Allium-Derived Compounds Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Antibacterial Activity and Synergistic Effects.ChemMedChem · 2026Article
- Low-frequency ultrasound-assisted application of Ag/Cu nanocomposites as a promising strategy for the treatment of purulent wounds.Discover nano · 2026Article
- Parametrization of βJournal of chemical information and modeling · 2026Article
- Multiphase terminal environmental disinfection targeting Acinetobacter baumannii sustains reduction in multidrug-resistant organism healthcare-associated infections in an ICU.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Chitosan and naringenin-coated silver nanoparticles as a nanoplatform against drug-resistant uropathogens.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Colonization with multidrug-resistant bacteria among children hospitalized abroad-a study from Finland.Journal of travel medicine · 2026Article
- Traditional vs Innovative Sanitizers:ACS omega · 2026Article
- Deciphering the potentiality of Andrographolide derivatives against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in vitro analysis and mechanistic insights.World journal of microbiology & biotechnology · 2026Article
- Infections in Pediatric Palliative Care Units: Clinical and Microbiological Perspectives from a Single Center.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- One-year epidemiological analysis of nosocomial infections and antimicrobial resistance in a Hungarian intensive care unit.Infection prevention in practice · 2026Article
- Cefepime and New Cefepime/Beta-Lactamase Inhibitor Combination for the Treatment of Gram-Negative Bacteria: Chemical Structure and Mechanism of Action, Microbiological Target, Clinical Use and PK/PD Characteristics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInfections with multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria in hospital settings have substantial implications in terms of clinical and economic outcomes. However, due to clinical and methodological heterogeneity, estimates about the attributable economic and clinical effects of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) due to MDR microorganisms (MDR HAI) remain unclear. The objective was to review and synthesize the evidence on the impact of MDR HAI in adults on hospital costs, length of stay, and mortality at discharge. METHODS AND
findingsLiterature searches were conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases to select studies that evaluated the impact of MDR HAI on economic and clinical outcomes. Eligible studies were conducted in adults, in order to ensure homogeneity of populations, used propensity score matched cohorts or included explicit confounding control, and had confirmed antibiotic susceptibility testing. Risk of bias was evaluated, and effects were measured with ratios of means (ROM) for cost and length of stay, and risk ratios (RR) for mortality. A systematic search was performed on 14th March 2019, re-run on the 10th of June 2019 and extended the 3rd of September 2019. Small effect sizes were assessed by examination of funnel plots. Sixteen articles (6,122 patients with MDR HAI and 8,326 patients with non-MDR HAI) were included in the systematic review of which 12 articles assessed cost, 19 articles length of stay, and 14 mortality. Compared to susceptible infections, MDR HAI were associated with increased cost (ROM 1.33, 95%CI [1.15; 1.54]), prolonged length of stay (ROM 1.27, 95%CI [1.18; 1.37]), and excess in-hospital mortality (RR 1.61, 95%CI [1.36; 1.90]) in the random effects models. Risk of publication bias was only found to be significant for mortality, and overall study quality good.
conclusionsMDR HAI appears to be strongly associated with increases in direct cost, prolonged length of stay and increased mortality. However, further comprehensive studies in this setting are warranted.
trial registrationPROSPERO (CRD42019126288).
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.