ArticleFrontiers in veterinary science2019
Kinetics of Fluorescein in Tear Film After Eye Drop Instillation in Beagle Dogs: Does Size Really Matter?
Article in Frontiers in veterinary science, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute Tear Secretion Response to Menthol Delivered as a Vapor to the Eye: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Antibiotics in Veterinary Ophthalmology: Resistance, Stewardship, and Emerging Antibiotic-Sparing Strategies.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Ocular Pharmacokinetics of Topical Chloramphenicol in Dogs: Effects of Concentration and Vehicle Formulation.Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Article
- Comparative analysis of drop mass variance for manual and automatic delivery of large-scale eye drop poultry vaccine.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Article
- Central Nervous System Depression After Topical Administration of Brimonidine Eye Drops to Induce Vomiting in a Cat.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Article
- Establishment and transcriptomic characterization of canine organoids from multiple tissues.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- Commercially available antiseptics show highFrontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- A Physiology-Based Mathematical Model to Understand Drug Delivery from Contact Lenses to the Back of the Eye.Pharmaceutical research · 2023Article
- Effect of topical nitric oxide donors 0.03% nitroglycerin and 0.1% hydralazine on intraocular pressure in healthy canine eyes.Veterinary medicine and science · 2022Article
- Rapid Absorption of Naloxone from Eye Drops.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Kinetics and minimal inhibitory concentrations of ceftiofur in tear film following extended-release parenteral administration (ExcedeFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Albumin in Tears Modulates Bacterial Susceptibility to Topical Antibiotics in Ophthalmology.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- Case Report: Clinical Remission in a Cat With Severe Bilateral Eosinophilic Keratitis Receiving Combined Immunosuppressive Therapy (Triamcinolone Acetonide and Tacrolimus).Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Prevalence and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Bacterial Isolates From Dogs With Ulcerative Keratitis in Midwestern United States.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Tear Film Pharmacokinetics and Systemic Absorption Following Topical Administration of 1% Prednisolone Acetate Ophthalmic Suspension in Dogs.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2020Article
- Albumin Levels in Tear Film Modulate the Bioavailability of Medically-Relevant Topical Drugs.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The study aimed to determine the impact of drop size on tear film pharmacokinetics and assess important physiological parameters associated with ocular drug delivery in dogs. Two separate experiments were conducted in eight healthy Beagle dogs: (i) Instillation of one drop (35 μl) or two drops (70 μl) of 1% fluorescein solution in each eye followed by tear collections with capillary tubes from 0 to 180 min; (ii) Instillation of 10 to 100 μl of 0.1% fluorescein in each eye followed by external photography with blue excitation filter (to capture periocular spillage of fluorescein) and tear collections from 1 to 20 min (to capture tear turnover rate; TTR). Fluorescein concentrations were measured in tear samples with a fluorophotometer. The TTR was estimated based upon non-linear mixed-effects analysis of fluorescein decay curves. Tear film pharmacokinetics were not superior with instillation of two drops vs. one drop based on tear film concentrations, residual tear fluorescence, and area under the fluorescein-time curves (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.