ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Gut and Lung Microbiota in Preterm Infants: Immunological Modulation and Implication in Neonatal Outcomes.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05063149 (Protecting Late-moderate Preterm Infants From Respiratory Tract Infections and Wheeze in Their First Years of Life by Using Bacterial Lysates.), which is not on this map. Cited by 79 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Protecting Late-moderate Preterm Infants From Respiratory Tract Infections and Wheeze in Their First Years of Life by Using Bacterial Lysates.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Antenatal Antibiotic Exposure and Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Model-Averaged Meta-Analysis.Neonatology · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review of the factors influencing microbial colonization of the preterm infant gut.Gut microbesPooled it
- Reversible aberrancies in gut microbiome of moderate and late preterm infants: results from a randomized, controlled trial.Gut microbes · 2023Trial
- Routine Early Antibiotic Use in SymptOmatic Preterm Neonates: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of pediatrics · 2021Trial
- NEC-Associated Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and the Gut-Lung Axis in Preterm Infants.American journal of perinatology · 2026Review
- Insights into Microbiota-Vaccine Crosstalk in Humans: Mechanisms, Modulators, and Translational Horizons.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Intraperitoneal rescue stem cell therapy in experimental NEC mitigates intestinal, pulmonary, and neuroinflammatory injury in mice.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- The gut-lung axis in early life: microbiome-associated mechanisms and clinical relevance.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Is Necrotizing Enterocolitis Totalis a Distinct Disease Process?Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2026Article
- Meconium Microbiome Maturation Patterns Linked to Postnatal Growth Failure in Neonates.Nutrients · 2026Article
- The Human Milk Microbiome in Mothers of Very-Low-Birth-Weight Infants: A Systematic Review of Recent Clinical Studies.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Lactic Acid Bacteria-derived Bacteriocins: A Promising Antimicrobial Strategy against Multidrug-resistant for Neonatal Sepsis Pathogens.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- IncreasedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Seeding the Future: How Feeding Mode Shapes the Infant Gut Microbiota.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Host genetic variation and gut microbiome in pediatric diseases.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics analysis to explore correlations among cord blood IGF-1 levels, metabolomic profiles, and meconium gut microbiota in small-for-gestational-age neonates.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- Day-21 gut microbiota community state types are associated with bronchopulmonary dysplasia classification in preterm infants: a pilot shotgun metagenomic study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Role of the gut‑lung axis in bronchopulmonary dysplasia: Physiological basis, pathogenesis and immunological modulation (Review).Molecular medicine reports · 2025Review
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants with early-onset sepsis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, an aberrant gastrointestinal colonization has been found to be associated with an higher risk for postnatal sepsis, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and growth impairment in preterm infants. As a consequence, the reasons of intestinal dysbiosis in this population of newborns have increasingly become an object of interest. The presence of a link between the gut and lung microbiome's development (gut-lung axis) is emerging, and more data show as a gut-brain cross talking mediated by an inflammatory milieu, may affect the immunity system and influence neonatal outcomes. A revision of the studies which examined gut and lung microbiota in preterm infants and a qualitative analysis of data about characteristic patterns and related outcomes in terms of risk of growing impairment, Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC), Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD), and sepsis have been performed. Microbiota take part in the establishment of the gut barrier and many data suggest its immune-modulator role. Furthermore, the development of the gut and lung microbiome (gut-lung axis) appear to be connected and able to lead to abnormal inflammatory responses which have a key role in the pathogenesis of BPD. Dysbiosis and the gut predominance of facultative anaerobes appear to be crucial to the pathogenesis and subsequently to the prevention of such diseases.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.