ReviewFrontiers in immunology2019
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-Mediated Immune Responses That Facilitate Embryo Implantation and Placentation.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translational interdisciplinary research on human chorionic gonadotropin's enhancement of neuroendocrine crosstalk: a novel medical hypothesis for systemic adjunctive treatment of psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of intrauterine hCG perfusion efficacy in recurrent implantation failure as defined by ESHRE guidelines.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Pooled it
- Periconception Maternal-Serum Vitamin D, Vaginal Bleeding, and Subchorionic Hemorrhage in Early Pregnancy.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Periconception Maternal Vitamin D Status on Nausea and Vomiting Symptoms in Early Pregnancy Among Women with a History of Pregnancy Loss.Nutrients · 2026Trial
- Effect of estradiol supplementation on luteal support following a significant reduction in serum estradiol levels after hCG triggering: a prospective randomized controlled trial.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2024Trial
- Intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin as luteal phase support in artificial cycle frozen-thawed embryo transfer does not improve clinical outcomes: a parallel, open-label randomized trial.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Trial
- The Role of Macrophages in Endometrial Cyclical Changes and Female Reproductive System Diseases: A Review.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Embryonic Mediators of Embryo-Uterus Communication, Implantation and Pregnancy.Molecular reproduction and development · 2026Review
- Immunological Role of Intrauterine Human Chorionic Gonadotropin in Infertile Women Undergoing ICSI.Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology of India · 2026Article
- Bushen Huoxue Recipe enhances the immune microenvironment at the maternal-fetal interface via the Hippo signaling pathway in mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion.Journal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2026Article
- The dual face of human chorionic gonadotropin in the CNS: neuroprotection, signaling, and possible pathological effects.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2026Review
- Human chorionic gonadotropin decreases cerebral cystic encephalomalacia and parvalbumin interneuron degeneration in a pro-inflammatory model of mouse neonatal hypoxia-ischemia.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Decoding m6A: a new frontier in maternal-foetal immunology.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Phenotype- and phase-directed immune interpretation in recurrent implantation failure and pregnancy loss: an integrative framework.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Review
- Differential immunologic response to GnRHa alone vs. dual trigger for final follicular maturation: a proof-of-concept pilot study.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2026Article
- Intrauterine Administration of PBMC Modulated with IFN-τ Before Embryo Transfer Improves Clinical Outcomes of IVF Patients-A Randomized Control Trial.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Molecular Crosstalk Between Intrauterine hCG and Endometrial Receptivity: Signalling Pathways, Immune Modulation, and Translational Perspectives in IVF.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Laeverin is Cell-Surface Target for Liquid-Phase Metastasizing Cancer Cells.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Impact of serum luteinizing hormone level and increment on the day of endometrial transformation on frozen-thawed single blastocyst transfer outcome in the hormone replacement cycle.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- The maternal-fetal interface at single-cell resolution: uncovering the cellular anatomy of the placenta and decidua.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) serves as one of the first signals provided by the embryo to the mother. Exactly at the time when the first step of the implantation process is initiated and the blastocyst adheres to the maternal endometrium, the embryonic tissue starts to actively secrete hCG. Shortly thereafter, the hormone can be detected in the maternal circulation where its concentration steadily increases throughout early pregnancy as it is continuously released by the forming placenta. Accumulating evidence underlines the critical function of hCG for embryo implantation and placentation. hCG not only regulates biological aspects of these early pregnancy events but also supports maternal immune cells in their function as helpers in the establishment of an adequate embryo-endometrial relationship. In view of its early presence in the maternal circulation, hCG has the potential to influence both local uterine immune cell populations as well as peripheral ones. The current review aims to summarize recent literature on the participation of innate and adaptive immune cells in embryo implantation and placentation with a specific focus on their regulation by hCG.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.