ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2019
Tool-Use Training Induces Changes of the Body Schema in the Limb Without Using Tool.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Body Schema plasticity of the arm: a systematic review of the methods and tasks.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Age-related differences in embodying a tool under visual deprivation.Experimental brain research · 2026Article
- A Decade Apart: Reciprocal Links Between Spiritual Mindfulness, Sense of Control, and Well-Being in Middle and Older Age Americans.Journal of religion and health · 2026Article
- Emergence of sense of body ownership but not agency during virtual tool-use training is associated with an altered body schema.Experimental brain research · 2023Article
- Embodiment for Robotic Lower-Limb Exoskeletons: A Narrative Review.IEEE transactions on neural systems and rehabilitation engineering : a publication of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society · 2023Article
- Are tools truly incorporated as an extension of the body representation?: Assessing the evidence for tool embodiment.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that tool use affects the plasticity of the body schema. In other words, people will perceive the tool as a part of their body, and thus feel like they have "longer limbs" after using tools. However, it is unclear whether tool embodiment could spread to a limb that is not using the tool, and whether other limbs could utilize the proprioception of a limb. In Experiment 1, blindfolded participants were asked to search with a cane (Condition 1) or to walk with a cane (Condition 2). The results in Condition 1 illustrated that the tactile distance perception on the forearm was lengthened after tool use, while other body parts did not significantly change. In Condition 2, the tactile distance perception on the hand and forearm extended significantly after using tools. Additionally, tool-use training even induced an increased perception of the calf that was not using the tool. Possible interference from the difference between walking and standing was excluded in Experiment 2. These results demonstrate that the proprioception information of one limb could be exploited by another limb to extend the body schema even though that limb was not using a tool. It was also observed that the effect of direction was task-dependent in the tactile perception task.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.