ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2019
Gender Differences in Objective and Subjective Measures of ADHD Among Clinic-Referred Children.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 133 citations in OpenAlex.
- Emotion Recognition Accuracy Among Individuals With ADHD: A Systematic Review.Journal of attention disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Sex differences in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a literature review.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Gender-Specific Child and Adolescent Mental Health Care.Child psychiatry and human development · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The prevalence of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and its associated factors among children in Ethiopia, 2024: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in child and adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Boys Score Higher Everywhere? Gender Differences in Parent-Reported ADHD Symptoms Across Age Groups and Four Countries.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- Gender differences in the association between anxiety and behavioral problems in 31,400 Chinese children: a cross-sectional regression and network analysis.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- Relating ADHD to the aperiodic component of the EEG signal in both males and females across development.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Article
- ADHD prescribing: national findings of children and adolescents attending mental health services in Ireland.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2026Article
- Sex-specific effects of chronic caffeine on impulsive choice and serotonergic markers in an ADHD rat model.Psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Global Statistics of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Conduct Disorder among School-Age Children from 1990-2021, with Forecasts to 2040.Neuroepidemiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Age-stratified safety signal mining of ADHD medications in pediatric populations using the FAERS database (2014-2024): a pharmacovigilance study using multi-method disproportionality analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026Article
- The development and assessment of a movement-based coaching program on executive function skills: an exploratory quality improvement study.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- The effects of VR-based multi-task sensorimotor intervention on motor performance in children with ADHD and DCD comorbidity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Relationships Between Parent Ratings of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Behaviors and the Virtual Reality Attention Tracker in School-Aged Children: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- Practical tools for female-specific ADHD: The impact of hormonal fluctuations in clinical practice and from the literature.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Review
- Investigating the reasons behind a later or missed diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in young people: A population cohort study.JCPP advances · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), one of the most prevalent childhood disorders today, is generally more likely to be diagnosed and treated in boys than in girls. However, gender differences in ADHD are currently poorly understood, partly because previous research included only a limited proportion of girls and relied mainly on subjective measures of ADHD, which are highly vulnerable to reporter's bias. To further examine gender differences in ADHD and to address some of the shortcomings of previous studies, this study examined gender differences in subjective and objective measures of ADHD among clinic-referred children with ADHD. Participants were 204 children aged 6-17 years-old with ADHD (129 boys, 75 girls). A retrospective analysis was conducted using records of a clinical database. Obtained data included parent and teacher forms of the Conners ADHD rating scales, Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher's Report Form (TRF), and child's continuous performance test (CPT) scores. Results showed that according to parents' and teachers' reports of ADHD-related symptoms (Conners ADHD rating scales), girls had more inattention problems than boys, but no differences were identified in the level of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms. CPT data, however, revealed higher impulsivity among boys. We did not find gender differences in the level of distractibility during CPT performance. Specifically, the effects of distractors type (visual environmental stimuli, auditory stimuli, or a combination of them) and distractors load (one or two distracting stimuli at a time) on CPT performance did not differ between boys and girls with ADHD. These findings suggest that gender effects on ADHD symptoms may differ between subjective and objective measures. Understanding gender differences in ADHD may lead to improved identification of girls with the disorder, helping to reduce the gender gap in diagnosis and treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.