ArticleFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2019
Neuroprotective Effect of AM404 Against NMDA-Induced Hippocampal Excitotoxicity.
Article in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel Small-Molecule Analogues of IU1 Ameliorate Amyloid-β Mediated Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease Cell and Worm Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of excitotoxicity and their relevance to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases-an update.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2025Review
- Cannabinoids and endocannabinoids as therapeutics for nervous system disorders: preclinical models and clinical studies.Neural regeneration research · 2024Review
- The potential neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids against paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy:Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Purified Native Protein Extracted from the Venom of Agelena orientalis Attenuates Memory Defects in the Rat Model of Glutamate-Induced Excitotoxicity.The protein journal · 2023Article
- Pharmacological induction of AMFR increases functional EAAT2 oligomer levels and reduces epileptic seizures in mice.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Pathomechanism Characterization and Potential Therapeutics Identification for Parkinson's Disease Targeting Neuroinflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Oxidative Effects of AM404 in IL-1β-Stimulated SK-N-SH Neuroblastoma Cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Different studies have demonstrated that inflammation and alterations in glutamate neurotransmission are two events contributing to the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative or neurological disorders. There are evidences that N-arachidonoylphenolamine (AM404), a cannabinoid system modulator and paracetamol metabolite, modulates inflammation and exerts neuroprotective effects on Huntington's (HD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD), and ischemia. However, the effects of AM404 on the production of inflammatory mediators and excitotoxicity in brain tissue stimulated with N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) are not elucidated. In this present study, we investigated the effects of AM404 on the production of inflammatory mediators and neuronal cell death induced by NMDA in organotypic hippocampal slices cultures (OHSC) using qPCR, western blot (WB), and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, to comprehend the mechanism of excitotoxicity, we evaluated the effects of AM404 on glutamate release in hippocampal synaptosomes and the NMDA-induced calcium responses in acute hippocampal slices. Our results showed that AM404 led to a significant decrease in cell death induced by NMDA, through a mechanism possibly involving the reduction of glutamate release and the calcium ions responses. Furthermore, it decreased the expression of the interleukin (IL)-1β. This study provides new significant insights about the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotection effects of AM404 on NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. To understand the effects of AM404 in these processes might contribute to the therapeutic potential of AM404 in diseases with involvement of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration and might lead to a possible future treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.