ArticleClinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry2019
The Effect of Smoking Habit on Apical Status of Adequate Endodontically Treated Teeth with and Without Periodontal Involvement.
Article in Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Retrospective Study of CBCT-Based Detection of Endodontic Failures and Periapical Lesions in a Romanian Cohort.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Roles of Pyroptosis in the Progression of Pulpitis and Apical Periodontitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Review
- The Influence of Depression on Gingival Health and C-Reactive Protein Among Female Students in Iraq: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2025Article
- Effect of Occupational Stress on Periodontitis According to the Salivary RANKL Level Among Iraqi Employees.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2024Article
- The Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 as a Predictor Biomarker for Periodontitis with the Presence and Absence of Smoking: A Case-Control Study.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Importance of preventive dentistry in the elderly: A personal approach.Dental research journal · 2022Article
- The Crucial Role of Plaque Control in Peri-Implant Mucositis Initiation as Opposed to the Role of Systemic Health Condition: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical, cosmetic and investigational dentistry · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe possible connection between apical periodontitis (AP), periodontal disease (PD) and the bad habit of smoking is among the most interesting aspects faced by the dental scientific community. The aim of this study was to pinpoint the effect of smoking on the status of the apical region, in properly root-filled teeth with and without periodontal involvement of Iraqi males. MATERIALS AND
methodsTotal number of 75 patients were chosen, divided into 3 groups of 25's, teeth were subdivided into 6 subgroups (G-a: Light smokers without Periodontal involvement, G-b: Heavy smokers without Periodontal involvement, G-c: Non-smokers without Periodontal involvement, G-d: Light smokers with Periodontal involvement, G-e: Heavy smokers with Periodontal involvement, G-f: Non-smokers with Periodontal involvement), examination involved: clinical periodontal parameters, coronal restoration fitness. Panoramic and periapical radiographs were used to judge the quality of periodontal tissue in the apical region (AP) of root canal treated teeth.
resultsAmong all the examined teeth (1859), only (89) were found with fitted both coronal and endodontic restorations. Rates of AP were: (G-a: 11.1%, G-b: 25%, G-c: 0%, G-d: 18.8%, G-e: 35.7%, G-f: 4.8%). Statistically, in related to the AP, there was a highly significant difference between heavy smokers' groups (G-b, G-e). Moreover, heavy smokers with PD (G-e) showed a significant difference with light smokers without PD (G-a) and non-smokers without PD (G-c), also, there was a significant difference between heavy smokers without PD (G-b) and non-smokers with PD (G-f). While, there was a non-significant difference relationship between non-smokers' groups (G-c, G-f), and light smokers' groups (G-a, G-d).
conclusionThere is a noticeable negative effect of smoking on the severity and prognosis of AP and this negative effect worsens when it is accompanied by lateral periodontitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.