ArticleOncoTargets and therapy2019
Cystatin SN Affects Cell Proliferation by Regulating the ERα/PI3K/AKT/ERα Loopback Pathway in Breast Cancer.
Article in OncoTargets and therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- NFATC2-mediated CST1 upregulation drives cholangiocarcinoma growth and metastasis.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Salivary Protein Profile in Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis: A Pilot Proteomic Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- CST1 promoted gastric cancer development by activating the AKT pathway.Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) · 2025Article
- BRD9 promotes the progression of gallbladder cancer via CST1 upregulation and interaction with FOXP1 through the PI3K/AKT pathway and represents a therapeutic target.Gene therapy · 2024Article
- TFAP2C Activates CST1 Transcription to Facilitate Breast Cancer Progression and Suppress Ferroptosis.Biochemical genetics · 2024Article
- Cysteine protease inhibitor 1 promotes metastasis by mediating an oxidative phosphorylation/MEK/ERK axis in esophageal squamous carcinoma cancer.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Epithelial CST1 Promotes Airway Eosinophilic Inflammation in Asthma via the AKT Signaling Pathway.Allergy, asthma & immunology research · 2023Article
- CST1 promotes the proliferation and migration of PDGF-BB-treated airway smooth muscle cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.The Kaohsiung journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- MiR-942-5p inhibits tumor migration and invasion through targeting CST1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.PloS one · 2023Article
- CST1 inhibits ferroptosis and promotes gastric cancer metastasis by regulating GPX4 protein stability via OTUB1.Oncogene · 2023Article
- Cystatin SN promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and serves as a prognostic biomarker in lung adenocarcinoma.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- The Secretome of Human Neonatal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Modulates Doxorubicin-Induced Cytotoxicity: Impact in Non-Tumor Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- α-Enolase Lies Downstream of mTOR/HIF1α and Promotes Thyroid Carcinoma Progression by Regulating CST1.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCystatin SN (CST1) has been reported to act as an oncogene in cancers, but its underlying mechanism remains unclear.
methodsWe performed Western blotting analyses to observe protein expression and conducted transwell invasion, wound healing, and colony formation assays to assess cell invasion, migration, and proliferation, respectively. We also performed cell cycle analyses by flow cytometry to determine the role of CST1 in the cell cycle. In vivo experiments used subcutaneous tumor models in BALB/c-nu athymic female mice to evaluate the effect of CST1 on tumor growth.
resultsWestern blotting analyses showed that CST1 was upregulated in ER+ breast cancer cells such as MCF7, T47D, and BT474. CST1 knockdown led to slower cell growth and inhibited the G1 to S phase transition in ER+ breast cancer cells. In vivo experiments showed that CST1 deletion inhibited tumor growth, and led to decreased expression of estrogen receptor α (ERα) and p-AKT. In vitro experiments showed that the over-expression of CST1 led to the upregulation of ERα, and inhibition of CST1 inhibited the expression of ERα. Western blotting analyses showed that CST1 regulated the activity of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in breast cancer cells. We confirmed that CST1 acted as an oncogene in ER+ breast cancer by regulating the ERα/PI3K/AKT/ERα loopback pathway.
conclusionCST1 acts as an oncogene in ER+ breast cancer, and CST1 contributes to cancer development by regulating the ERα/PI3K/AKT/ERα loopback pathway in ER+ breast cancer. Our findings indicate that CST1 could be a significant therapeutic target for ER+ breast cancer patients. Our discovery should inspire further studies on the role of CST1 in cancers.
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