ArticleInternational journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2019
Mixed Phenotype of Emphysema and Airway Wall Thickening Is Associated with Frequent Exacerbation in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients.
Article in International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) Therapy in Bronchiectasis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A Narrative Review of Clinical Studies.Pulmonary therapy · 2026Pooled it
- ANT1 Deficiency Impairs Macrophage Metabolism and Migration, Protecting Against Emphysema in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Observational
- The Potential Role of Cigarette Smoke, Elastic Fibers, and Secondary Lung Injury in the Transition of Pulmonary Emphysema to Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Role of the Extracellular Matrix in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Pulmonary Emphysema.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Review
- Respiratory microbiota and radiomics features in the stable COPD patients.Respiratory research · 2023Article
- Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI) as a Potential Prognostic Tool for Exacerbation of COPD in Elderly Patients.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Analysis of Airway Thickening and Serum Cytokines in COPD Patients with Frequent Exacerbations: A Heart of the Matter.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- Phenotyping COPD Patients with Emphysema Distribution Using Quantitative CT Measurement; More Severe Airway Involvement in Lower Dominant Emphysema.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2022Article
- Editorial: The heterogeneity in COPD phenotypes.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Central airway and peripheral lung structures in airway disease-dominant COPD.ERJ open research · 2021Article
- Role of the Emphysema Index Combined with the Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test Score in the Evaluation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Canadian respiratory journal · 2021Article
- Clinical and Radiological Features of COPD Patients Living at ≥3000 m Above Sea Level in the Tibet Plateau.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2021Observational
- The clinical efficacy of AG NPP709 (SynaturaJournal of thoracic disease · 2020Article
- Lung Features in Individuals with Biomass Smoke Exposure Characterized by CT Scan and Changes in Pulmonary Function.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseArticle
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: The presence of both emphysema and airway wall thickening determined via volumetric computed tomography (CT) is defined as mixed phenotype. The long-term clinical course of this phenotype has not been studied in depth. This study compared the mixed phenotype to other phenotypes of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. Methods: COPD patients enrolled in the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) study from June 2005 to October 2015 were evaluated. The emphysema index and the percentage of bronchial mean wall area were calculated from volumetric CT scans. Patients with COPD were classified into four phenotypes using two cutoffs: emphysema index of 15% and median value of mean wall area (MWA%). Results: Of 435 patients with COPD, 99 (22.8%) were defined as CT-normal type, 119 (27.4%) as emphysema-dominant type, 113 (26.0%) as airway-dominant type, and 104 (23.9%) as mixed type. The mixed phenotype showed the highest baseline total COPD Assessment Test (CAT) and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) scores. Moreover, it had the highest proportion of patients experiencing exacerbation of COPD (50.0%), and had the lowest baseline FEV1. Lower BMI, GOLD stages III-IV, and mixed phenotype were significant factors associated with severe exacerbation frequency in univariate analyses. Multivariate analyses showed that lower BMI and CT phenotype were significant factors associated with severe exacerbation frequency. Compared to the CT-normal phenotype, the mixed phenotype was significantly associated with more frequent severe exacerbation (IRR 4.134, 95% CI: 1.135-15.057, Conclusion: Patients with mixed phenotype are more symptomatic, have poorer pulmonary function, and are associated with more frequent severe exacerbation.
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