Trial reportInternational journal of clinical oncology2020
Lung cancer incidence and mortality in relationship to hormone replacement therapy use among women participating in the PLCO trial: a post hoc analysis.
Trial report in International journal of clinical oncology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 2025 Menopausal Hormone Therapy Guidelines - Korean Society of Menopause.Journal of menopausal medicine · 2025Review
- Dual COX-2/5-LOX inhibitors fromFrontiers in chemistry · 2023Article
- Sex-specificity in Surgical Stages of Lung Cancer in Young Adults.The open respiratory medicine journal · 2023Article
- The association between different hormone replacement therapy use and the incidence of lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of thoracic disease · 2022Article
- Lung cancer mortality in Europe and the USA between 2000 and 2017: an observational analysis.ERJ open research · 2021Article
- Role of sex hormones in lung cancer.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2021Review
- Management of pulmonary nodules in women with pregnant intention: A review with perspective.Annals of thoracic medicineReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo evaluate the impact of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the incidence and mortality of lung cancer among female participants in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovary (PLCO) trial.
methodsAll women participating in the PLCO trial with complete information about HRT exposure were included in the current analysis. All study population were aged 55-74 years without prior history of lung cancer at the time of study enrollment. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of HRT exposure on lung cancer incidence and mortality. For both end points, the model was adjusted for: age, body mass index, study arm, race, cigarette smoking and family history of lung cancer.
resultsA total of 77,911 female participants were included in the current analysis, including 27,663 participants who never used HRT before inclusion into the PLCO trial and 50,248 participants who used some form of HRT before inclusion into the PLCO trial. Prior exposure to HRT seems to be protective against the development of lung cancer in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio for ever exposure versus never exposure 0.876; 95% CI 0.783-0.981; P = 0.022). Similarly, prior exposure to HRT seems also to be protective against death from lung cancer in a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio for ever exposure versus never exposure 0.814; 0.709-0.934; P = 0.003). Further multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that current HRT usage at the time of PLCO trial entry (and not former HRT usage) seemed to be protective against lung cancer development (hazard ratio for current versus never users 0.842; 0.743-0.954; P = 0.007) and lung cancer-specific mortality (hazard ratio for current versus never users 0.800; 0.686-0.932; P = 0.004).
conclusionHRT use at the time of PLCO trial entry seems to be associated with lower probability of lung cancer development and death. Further studies are needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms behind this observation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.