SynthesisBMJ sexual & reproductive health2020
Hormonal contraception and HIV acquisition among women: an updated systematic review.
Synthesis in BMJ sexual & reproductive health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Hormonal contraception for women at risk of HIV infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Hormonal contraceptive use and the risk of sexually transmitted infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- The Effect of Exogenous Sex Steroids on the Vaginal Microbiota: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Pooled it
- Update to U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2016: Updated Recommendations for the Use of Contraception Among Women at High Risk for HIV Infection.MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report · 2020Guideline
- Copper intrauterine device use and HIV acquisition in women: a systematic review.BMJ sexual & reproductive health · 2020Pooled it
- Persistent, Asymptomatic Colonization withMicrobiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- Article
- Use of an Ethinyl Estradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring Alters Vaginal Microbial Communities in Women With HIV.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptomics unveils estrogen-modulated immune responses and structural alterations in the ectocervical mucosa of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- No change in key HIV target cell markers following initiation of three progestin-based hormonal contraception methods: findings from the CHIME study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- U.S. Medical Eligibility Criteria for Contraceptive Use, 2024.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Effect of progestin-based contraceptives on HIV-associated vaginal immune biomarkers and microbiome in adolescent girls.PloS one · 2024Article
- Contraceptive effects on the cervicovaginal microbiome: Recent evidence including randomized trials.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Review
- Update on the Impact of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate on Vaginal Mucosal Endpoints and Relevance to Sexually Transmitted Infections.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Female Sex Hormones Upregulate the Replication Activity of HIV-1 Sub-Subtype A6 and CRF02_AG but Not HIV-1 Subtype B.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Recent Advances and New Challenges in Cisgender Women's Gynecologic and Obstetric Health in the Context of HIV.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology · 2021Review
- Prevalence and Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Infection in Injectable Progestin Contraception Users in South Africa.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2021Article
- The Looming Effects of Estrogen in Covid-19: A Rocky Rollout.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo update a 2016 systematic review on hormonal contraception use and HIV acquisition.
methodsWe searched Pubmed and Embase between 15 January 2016 and 26 June 2019 for longitudinal studies comparing incident HIV infection among women using a hormonal contraceptive method and either non-users or users of another specific hormonal contraceptive method. We extracted information from newly identified studies, assessed study quality, and updated forest plots and meta-analyses.
resultsIn addition to 31 previously included studies, five more were identified; three provided higher quality evidence. A randomised clinical trial (RCT) found no statistically significant differences in HIV risk among users of intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA-IM), levonorgestrel implant (LNG implant) or the copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD). An observational study found no statistically significant differences in HIV risk among women using DMPA, norethisterone enanthate (NET-EN), implants (type not specified) or Cu-IUD. Updated results from a previously included observational study continued to find a statistically significant increased HIV risk with oral contraceptives and DMPA compared with no contraceptive use, and found no association between LNG implant and HIV risk.
conclusionsHigh-quality RCT data comparing use of DMPA, LNG implant and Cu-IUD does not support previous concerns from observational studies that DMPA-IM use increases the risk of HIV acquisition. Use of other hormonal contraceptive methods (oral contraceptives, NET-EN and implants) is not associated with an increased risk of HIV acquisition.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.