Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31918706›Full record

ArticleBMC public health2020

Is the Philippines ready for HIV self-testing?

Jesal Gohil, Emmanuel S Baja, Tyrone Reden Sy, Ernest Genesis Guevara, Charlotte Hemingway, Paul Mark B Medina, Leila Coppens, Godofreda V Dalmacion, Miriam Taegtmeyer

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC public health, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. HIV Self-Test Experiences and Implementation Considerations Among Transgender Women in the Philippines: Getting Ready for Scale-Up.AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Self-Testing as a Hope to Reduce HIV in Transgender Women-Literature Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Jesal GohilDepartment of Medicine, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5708-6317
Emmanuel S BajaInstitute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines.
Tyrone Reden SyInstitute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines.
Ernest Genesis GuevaraInstitute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines.
Charlotte HemingwayDepartment of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Palace Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
Paul Mark B MedinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines.
Leila CoppensWorld Health Organization (WHO) Philippines, Manila, Philippines.
Godofreda V DalmacionInstitute of Clinical Epidemiology, National Institutes of Health, University of the Philippines-Manila, Manila, Philippines.
Miriam TaegtmeyerDepartment of International Public Health, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Palace Liverpool, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK. Miriam.taegtmeyer@lstmed.ac.uk.

Funding

Medical Research Council MR/N019202/1Philippines Council of Health Research and Development, Department of Science and Technology Newton Agham GrantUK Medical Research Council Newton Agham GrantWorld Health Organization 001
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Philippines is facing a rapidly rising HIV epidemic among young men who have sex with men (MSM). Testing rates among young populations is poor. HIV self-testing (HIVST) is a promising strategy to address this testing gap. The study's purpose was to explore the perceived acceptability, feasibility and programmatic challenges of HIVST among key informants and target users.

methodA qualitative study involving semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). We interviewed 15 key informants involved with HIV testing programs or policies and 42 target users in six FGD in Metro Manila. We held separate discussions with high socio-economic MSM (n = 12), urban poor MSM (n = 15) and transgender women (TGW) (n = 15). Results were analysed using a thematic framework approach.

resultsMSM and TGW welcomed the convenience and privacy HIVST could provide. They preferred an inexpensive accurate blood-based kit attained from reputable sites. Key informants at national and local level equally welcomed HIVST but identified a number of policy and regulatory issues. Both groups articulated the challenge of enrolling those who test reactive using HIVST to further testing and treatment in an environment characterised by acute stigma around HIV.

conclusionsHIVST was found to be highly acceptable to target users and was welcomed as an additional testing approach at national level. Strategic alliances are now needed between stakeholders to proactively deliver a patient-centred HIVST program that could provide an effective, safe means of increasing testing coverage in this escalating context.

Indexed as

AdolescentFeasibility StudiesFemaleFocus GroupsHIV InfectionsHomosexuality, MaleHumansMaleMass ScreeningPatient Acceptance of Health CarePhilippinesQualitative ResearchTransgender PersonsYoung AdultHIV self-testingMen who have sex with men (MSM)PhilippinesPolicyRegulationTGWTransgender women

Identifiers

PMID31918706
PMCPMC6953179

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.