ReviewNeuropsychologia2020
Explicit memory and cognition in monkeys.
Review in Neuropsychologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- A non-verbal process dissociation procedure to disentangle explicit from implicit sequence learning.Neuroscience of consciousness · 2026Article
- Metacognition in nonhuman primates: a review of current knowledge.Primates; journal of primatology · 2025Review
- Measuring episodic memory and mental time travel: crossing the species gap.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2024Review
- Challenges and advanced concepts for the assessment of learning and memory function in mice.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2023Review
- Behavioral evidence for two distinct memory systems in rats.Animal cognition · 2022Article
- Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) monitor evolving decisions to control adaptive information seeking.Animal cognition · 2021Article
- Disentangling perceptual awareness from nonconscious processing in rhesus monkeys (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Prospective and concurrent metamemory of familiarity and working memory by rhesus monkeys.Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Taxonomies of human memory, influenced heavily by Endel Tulving, make a fundamental distinction between explicit and implicit memory. Humans are aware of explicit memories, whereas implicit memories control behavior even though we are not aware of them. Efforts to understand the evolution of memory, and to use nonhuman animals to model human memory, will be facilitated by better understanding the extent to which this critical distinction exists in nonhuman animals. Work with metacognition paradigms in the past 20 years has produced a strong case for the existence of explicit memory in nonhuman primates and possibly other nonhuman animals. Clear dissociations of explicit and implicit memory by metacognition have yet to be demonstrated in nonhumans, although dissociations between memory systems by other behavioral techniques, and by brain manipulations, suggest that the explicit-implicit distinction applies to nonhumans. Neurobehavioral studies of metamemory are beginning to identify neural substrates for memory monitoring in the frontal cortex of monkeys. We have strong evidence that at least some memory systems are explicit in rhesus monkeys, but we need to learn more about the distribution of explicit processes across cognitive systems within monkeys, and across species.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.