Trial reportAddiction (Abingdon, England)2020
Nicotine replacement therapy sampling for smoking cessation within primary care: results from a pragmatic cluster randomized clinical trial.
Trial report in Addiction (Abingdon, England), 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Differences in the effectiveness of individual-level smoking cessation interventions by socioeconomic status.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to induce attempts to quit tobacco among adults not ready to quit.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Strategies to improve smoking cessation rates in primary care.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Medication Samples and Smoking Cessation Among Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- A Factorial Randomized Clinical Trial of Nicotine Replacement Therapy and Treatment Recommendations to Quit Versus Continue E-cigarettes When Quitting Smoking in Young Adult Dual Users.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Effectiveness of mobile smoking cessation treatment with 1-week nicotine replacement therapy sampling at outdoor smoking hotspots: A cluster randomized controlled trial.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Trial
- The prospective relationship between a-priori intentions for and patterns of e-cigarette use among adults who smoke cigarettes.Addictive behaviors · 2024Trial
- The Impact of Older Age on Smoking Cessation Outcomes After Standard Advice to Quit.Journal of applied gerontology : the official journal of the Southern Gerontological Society · 2023Trial
- Increasing treatment enrollment among smokers who are not motivated to quit: a randomized clinical trial.Translational behavioral medicine · 2022Trial
- A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Remote Varenicline Sampling to Promote Treatment Engagement and Smoking Cessation.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Trial
- Nicotine replacement therapy starter packs and gain-framed messages to promote smoking cessation in lung cancer screening: a randomized trial.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2026Article
- Decision-Making on Nicotine Replacement Therapy Use and Product Selection: An Explorative Qualitative Study Among Chinese Americans Who Smoke.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Rationale, design, and protocol for a sequential, multiple assignment, randomized trial of adaptive treatment for smoking cessation: The ADAPT trial.Contemporary clinical trials · 2026Article
- A mixed-methods study exploring free nicotine replacement therapy as a strategy to promote tobacco treatment equity at Cancer Center Cessation Initiative sites.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2025Article
- Real-World Effectiveness of Nicotine Replacement Therapy Sampling in Chinese Women of a Sex-Specific Smoking Cessation Program in Hong Kong, China.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Article
- Racial/ethnic discrimination and racial trauma: Concurrent evaluation among Black adults who smoke in the United States.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- Remote clinical trial to test mechanisms of 'practice quitting' treatment: Trial design and methodological report.Contemporary clinical trials · 2025Article
- Article
- Dental staff and patient attitudes about nicotine replacement therapy samples in dental care: A National Dental Practice-Based Research Network study.Community dentistry and oral epidemiology · 2024Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsWithin the context of busy clinical settings, health-care providers need practical, evidence-based options to engage smokers in quitting. Sampling of nicotine replacement therapy [i.e. provision of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT starter kits)] is a brief, pragmatic strategy to address this need. We aimed to compare the effects of NRT sampling plus standard care (SC), relative to SC alone, provided by primary care providers during routine clinic visits.
designCluster-randomized clinical trial.
settingTwenty-two primary care clinics in South Carolina, USA.
participantsAdult smokers [n = 1245; 61% female, mean age = 50.7, standard deviation (SD) = 13.5] both motivated and unmotivated to quit, seen during routine clinical visit. Interventions were provider-delivered SC (n = 652, 12 clinics) cessation advice or SC + a 2-week supply of both nicotine patch and lozenge, with minimal instructions on use (n = 593; 10 clinics). MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at 6-month follow-up, using intent-to-treat. Additional outcomes included NRT use and quit attempts, assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months following baseline.
findingsSeven-day point prevalence abstinence rates were significantly higher in the NRT sampling group throughout follow-up, including at 6 months [12 versus 8%, odds ratio (OR) = 1.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0-2.4]. NRT sampling increased prevalence of any use of NRT (65 versus 25%, OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 4.3-7.7), with higher prevalence of use at 6 months (25 versus 14%, OR = 2.0, 95% CI = 1.5-2.7). NRT sampling increased the rate of quit attempts in the initial month (24 versus 18%, OR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.0-2.3) but had no significant effect on overall rate of quit attempts (48 versus 45%, OR = 1.2, 95% CI = 0.8-1.7).
conclusionProviding smokers with a free 2-week starter kit of nicotine replacement therapy increased quit attempts, use of stop smoking medications and smoking abstinence compared with standard care in a primary care setting.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.