ArticleMaternal and child health journal2020
Social Inequalities in Fertility in Women Residing in Urban Neighbourhoods in Spain: A Multilevel Approach.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessment of Sexual Health and Use of Cervical Cancer Screening among the Female Working Population.Iranian journal of public health · 2024Article
- Socioeconomic Inequalities as a Cause of Health Inequities in Spain: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundReproductive health inequalities tend to be more marked in large cities because they include neighbourhoods with unequal social and community networks, resources and opportunities. The aim was to describe social inequalities in fertility patterns among women who gave birth between 2007 and 2016 in the city of Barcelona (Spain) by jointly evaluating the effect of individual and socioeconomic neighbourhood characteristics.
methodsWe conducted a multilevel study of women's individual characteristics (age, educational attainment, and country of origin) and neighbourhood characteristics (disposable household income, percentage of unemployment and percentage of foreigners).
resultsMultilevel modelling revealed significant variability in fertility across neighbourhoods after adjustment for individual explanatory variables. The fertility rate (FR) was higher in better educated women (adjusted relative risk: aRR 2.76), those aged 30-39 years (aRR 2.13), and in those born in Spain in relation to their respective reference groups. The FR was lowest in women with upper to post-secondary, non-tertiary education (aRR 0.86) who were born in high income countries (aRR 0.57). Women living in neighbourhoods with a low income (aRR 1.46) and with a higher unemployment (aRR 1.33) were more likely to have children. In contrast, women living in neighbourhoods with a lower percentage of foreigners had the lowest FR (aRR 0.81).
conclusionsThe neighbourhood's characteristics played an important role in fertility patterns, independently of women's individual characteristics. At the contextual level, the highest FR was found in the poorest settings, highlighting inequalities. At the individual level, the FR was highest among women with higher education and in their thirties.
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