Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31916129›Full record

ArticleNeurotoxicity research2020

The Neuroimmune and Neurotoxic Fingerprint of Major Neurocognitive Psychosis or Deficit Schizophrenia: a Supervised Machine Learning Study.

Hussein Kadhem Al-Hakeim, Abbas F Almulla, Michael Maes

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Neurotoxicity research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
27citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 12% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.

Hussein Kadhem Al-HakeimDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq.
Abbas F AlmullaMedical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Medical Technology, The Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq.
Michael MaesDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. dr.michaelmaes@hotmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2012-871X
Deakin University · AUIraqi University · IQUniversity of Kufa · IQ

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

No studies have examined the immune fingerprint of major neurocognitive psychosis (MNP) or deficit schizophrenia using M1 macrophage cytokines in combination with chemokines such as CCL2 and CCL11. The present study delineated the neuroimmune fingerprint of MNP by analyzing plasma levels of IL-1β, sIL-1RA, TNFα, sTNFR1, sTNFR2, CCL2, and CCL11 in 120 MNP versus 54 healthy controls in association with neurocognitive scores (as assessed with the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia) and PHEMN (psychotic, hostility, excitation, mannerism and negative) symptoms. MNP was best predicted by a combination of CCL11, TNFα, IL-1β, and sIL-1RA which yielded a bootstrapped (n = 2000) area under the receiver operating curve of 0.985. Composite scores reflecting M1 macrophage activity and neurotoxic potential including effects of CCL11 and CCL2 were significantly increased in MNP. A large part of the variance in PHEM (38.4-52.6%) and negative (65.8-74.4%) symptoms were explained by combinations of immune markers whereby CCL11 was the most important. The same markers explained a large part of the variance in the Mini-Mental State examination, list learning, digit sequencing task, category instances, controlled word association, symbol coding, and Tower of London. Partial least squares analysis showed that 72.7% of the variance in overall severity of schizophrenia was explained by the regression on IL-1β, sIL-1RA, CCL11, TNFα, and education. It is concluded that the combination of the abovementioned markers defines MNP as a distinct neuroimmune disorder and that increased immune neurotoxicity determines memory and executive impairments and PHEMN symptoms as well.

Indexed as

AdultBiomarkersChemokine CCL11ChemokinesFemaleHumansMacrophagesMaleMiddle AgedNeuropsychological TestsPsychotic DisordersSchizophreniaSchizophrenic PsychologySupervised Machine LearningBiomarkersCCL11 protein, humanChemokine CCL11ChemokinesCognitionCytokineDeficit schizophreniaImmunological biomarkersMachine learning

Identifiers

PMID31916129
OpenAlexW3000670836

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.