ReviewJournal of clinical and translational hepatology2019
The Direct Contribution of Astrocytes and Microglia to the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy.
Review in Journal of clinical and translational hepatology, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Liver support systems for adults with acute liver failure.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2026Pooled it
- Differential metabolic and cellular brain regional susceptibility in adult rats with chronic liver disease.Metabolic brain disease · 2026Article
- Hepatic Encephalopathy Severity and Mortality Risk Stratification in Alcohol-Related Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Covert hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhosis: implications for early diagnosis and appropriate management.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2026Review
- Liver-nervous system axis: pathways, dysregulation, and translational perspectives.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Central Administration of Recombinant IGF1 Is Neuroprotective in a Rodent Model of Acute Liver Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism in liver disease: Mechanisms, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Impact of preoperative triglyceride levels on hepatic encephalopathy development in TIPS patients: a retrospective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Non-invasive identification of brain signatures of acute liver injury.Theranostics · 2026Article
- Integrative behavioral, histological, and proteomics profiling identifies cerebellar drivers of motor dysfunction in a rat model of hepatic encephalopathy.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Article
- Effects of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatohepatitis in Alertness, Associative Learning, and Astrocyte Density.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- The Role of Neuroinflammation in the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy.Journal of immunology research · 2025Review
- Hepatic encephalopathy treatment after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt: a new perspective on the gut microbiota.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Role of glial cells in neurotoxicological effects of alcohol.Advances in neurotoxicology · 2025Article
- Linking Brain and Immune Transcriptomes to Gut-Derived Metabolites in Hepatic Encephalopathy: An Explorative Integrative Multi-Omics Approach.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2025Article
- Motor performance as a predictor of blood levels of ammonia and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with liver cirrhosis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Neurological recovery in rats with portocaval anastomosis-induced hepatic encephalopathy treated with leuprolide acetate, a GnRH agonist.Metabolic brain disease · 2024Article
- Early brain neuroinflammatory and metabolic changes identified by dual tracer microPET imaging in mice with acute liver injury.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- The Role of Glia in Wilson's Disease: Clinical, Neuroimaging, Neuropathological and Molecular Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Role of albumin infusion in cirrhosis-associated complications.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy is a neurological complication resulting from loss of hepatic function and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. During acute liver failure over 20% of mortality can be associated with the development of hepatic encephalopathy. In patients with liver cirrhosis, 1-year survival for those that develop overt hepatic encephalopathy is under 50%. The pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy is complicated due to the multiple disruptions in homeostasis that occur following a reduction in liver function. Of these, elevations of ammonia and neuroinflammation have been shown to play a significant contributing role to the development of hepatic encephalopathy. Disruption of the urea cycle following liver dysfunction leads to elevations of circulating ammonia, which enter the brain and disrupt the functioning of astrocytes. This results in dysregulation of metabolic pathways in astrocytes, oxidative stress and cerebral edema. Besides ammonia, circulating chemokines and cytokines are increased following liver injury, leading to activation of microglia and a subsequent neuroinflammatory response. The combination of astrocyte dysfunction and microglia activation are significant contributing factors to the pathogenesis of hepatic encephalopathy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.