ArticleJournal of human kinetics2019
How Do Spatiotemporal Parameters and Lower-Body Stiffness Change with Increased Running Velocity? A Comparison Between Novice and Elite Level Runners.
Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Relationship Between Running Biomechanics and Running Economy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of plyometric training on technical skill performance among athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2023Pooled it
- Association Between Temporal Spatial Parameters and Overuse Injury History in Runners: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Pooled it
- The Heel-Strike Fallacy and Cadence Beliefs in Distance Running: A Narrative Review.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- A SHAP-based machine learning approach to decoding the relationship between running posture features and tibial load in novice runners with MTSS: towards accurate and intelligent rehabilitation strategies.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2026Article
- Alterations in pelvic kinematics with speed, incline, and fatigue in female runners.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
- Association Between Running Characteristics and Lower Extremity Musculoskeletal Injuries in United States Military Academy Cadets.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of WIMU Sensor Performance in Estimating Running Stride and Vertical Stiffness in Football Training Sessions: A Comparison with Smart Insoles.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- KeepRunning: A MoCap-Based Rapid Test to Prevent Musculoskeletal Running Injuries.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Changes in Key Biomechanical Parameters According to the Expertise Level in Runners at Different Running Speeds.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Complexity of Running and Its Relationship with Joint Kinematics during a Prolonged Run.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Article
- Not Lower-Limb Joint Strength and Stiffness but Vertical Stiffness and Isometric Force-Time Characteristics Correlate With Running Economy in Recreational Male Runners.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Article
- Competitive and Recreational Running Kinematics Examined Using Principal Components Analysis.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Relationship between Connective Tissue Morphology and Lower-Limb Stiffness in Endurance Runners. A Prospective Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Observational
- Bouncing behavior of sub-four minute milers.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Relationship Between Isokinetic Lower-Limb Joint Strength, Isometric Time Force Characteristics, and Leg-Spring Stiffness in Recreational Runners.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- Application of Leg, Vertical, and Joint Stiffness in Running Performance: A Literature Overview.Applied bionics and biomechanics · 2021Review
- Sacral acceleration can predict whole-body kinetics and stride kinematics across running speeds.PeerJ · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the effect of running velocity on spatiotemporal parameters and lower-body stiffness of endurance runners, and the influence of the performance level on those adaptations. Twenty-two male runners (novice [NR], n = 12, and elite runners [ER], n = 10) performed an incremental running test with a total of 5 different running velocities (10, 12, 14, 16, 18 km/h). Each condition lasted 1 min (30 s acclimatization period, and 30 s recording period). Spatiotemporal parameters were measured using the OptoGait system. Vertical (Kvert) and leg (Kleg) stiffness were calculated according to the sine-wave method. A repeated measures ANOVA (2 x 5, group x velocities) revealed significant adaptations (p < 0.05) to increased velocity in all spatiotemporal parameters and Kvert in both NR and ER. ER showed a greater flight time (FT) and step angle (at 18 km/h) (p < 0.05), longer step length (SL) and lower step frequency (SF) (p < 0.05), whereas no between-group differences were found in contact time (CT) nor in the sub-phases during CT at any speed (p ≥ 0.05). ER also showed lower Kvert values at every running velocity (p < 0.05), and no differences in Kleg (p ≥ 0.05). In conclusion, lower SF and Kvert and, thereby, longer FT and SL, seem to be the main spatiotemporal characteristics of high-level runners compared to their low-level counterparts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.