Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31915268›Full record

ArticleInjury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention2020

Epidemiology of facial fractures: incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study.

Ratilal Lalloo, Lydia R Lucchesi, Catherine Bisignano, Chris D Castle, Zachary V Dingels, Jack T Fox, Erin B Hamilton, Zichen Liu, Nicholas L S Roberts, Dillon O Sylte and 53 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 48 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
48citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

48 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  11. Correlation of Pattern and Presentation of Maxillofacial Injuries with Seatbelt Law Compliance in Saudi Arabia.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025
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  18. Patterns of Midface and Mandible Fractures in a Government Hospital.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

63 authors.

Ratilal LallooSchool of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Lydia R LucchesiInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Catherine BisignanoInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Chris D CastleInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Zachary V DingelsInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Jack T FoxInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Erin B HamiltonInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Zichen LiuInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Nicholas L S RobertsInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Dillon O SylteInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Fares AlahdabEvidence Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Vahid AlipourHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Tehran, Iran.
Ubai AlsharifDepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Jalal ArablooHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Mojtaba BagherzadehChemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Maciej BanachDepartment of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
Ali BijaniSocial Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
Christopher Stephen CroweDivision of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ahmad DaryaniToxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Huyen Phuc DoCenter of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Linh Phuong DoanCenter of Excellence in Health Service Management, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Florian FischerSchool of Public Health Medicine, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
Gebreamlak Gebremedhn GebremeskelNursing Department, College of Health Science, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia.
Juanita A HaagsmaDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Arvin Haj-MirzaianDepartment of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Arya Haj-MirzaianDepartment of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Samer HamidiSchool of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates.
Chi Linh HoangCenter of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Seyed Sina Naghibi IrvaniResearch Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Amir KasaeianHematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Yousef Saleh KhaderDepartment of Public Health and Community Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ramtha, Jordan.
Rovshan KhalilovDepartment of Physiology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan.
Abdullah T KhojaDepartment of Public Health, Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Aliasghar A KiadaliriClinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Marek MajdanDepartment of Public Health, Trnava University, Trnava, Slovakia.
Navid ManafOphthalmology Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Ali ManafiPlastic Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Benjamin Ballard MassenburgDivision of Plastic Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Abdollah Mohammadian-HafshejaniDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Shane Douglas MorrisonDepartment of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Trang Huyen NguyenCenter of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Son Hoang NguyenCenter of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam.
Cuong Tat NguyenInstitute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Tinuke O OlagunjuDepartment of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Nikita OtstavnovLaboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russia.
Suzanne PolinderDepartment of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Navid RabieeChemistry Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Mohammad RabieeBiomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
Kiana RamezanzadehDepartment of Pharmacology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Kavitha RanganathanDepartment of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Aziz RezapourHealth Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Saeed SafariEmergency Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Abdallah M SamyDepartment of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
Lidia Sanchez RieraRheumatology Department, University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
Masood Ali ShaikhIndependent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan.
Bach Xuan TranDepartment of Health Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Parviz VahediAssistant Professor of Anatomical Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran.
Amir Vahedian-AzimiTrauma Research Center, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Zhi-Jiang ZhangDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
David M PigottInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Simon I HayInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Ali H MokdadInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Spencer L JamesInstitute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA spencj@uw.edu.ORCID 0000-0003-4653-2507

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) has historically produced estimates of causes of injury such as falls but not the resulting types of injuries that occur. The objective of this study was to estimate the global incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability (YLDs) due to facial fractures and to estimate the leading injurious causes of facial fracture.

methodsWe obtained results from GBD 2017. First, the study estimated the incidence from each injury cause (eg, falls), and then the proportion of each cause that would result in facial fracture being the most disabling injury. Incidence, prevalence and YLDs of facial fractures are then calculated across causes.

resultsGlobally, in 2017, there were 7 538 663 (95% uncertainty interval 6 116 489 to 9 493 113) new cases, 1 819 732 (1 609 419 to 2 091 618) prevalent cases, and 117 402 (73 266 to 169 689) YLDs due to facial fractures. In terms of age-standardised incidence, prevalence and YLDs, the global rates were 98 (80 to 123) per 100 000, 23 (20 to 27) per 100 000, and 2 (1 to 2) per 100 000, respectively. Facial fractures were most concentrated in Central Europe. Falls were the predominant cause in most regions.

conclusionsFacial fractures are predominantly caused by falls and occur worldwide. Healthcare systems and public health agencies should investigate methods of all injury prevention. It is important for healthcare systems in every part of the world to ensure access to treatment resources.

Indexed as

Fractures, BoneGlobal Burden of DiseaseQuality of LifeBrazilCanadaEuropeGlobal HealthHumansIncidencePrevalenceQuality-Adjusted Life YearsState Medicineburden of diseasedental injurydescriptive epidemiology

Identifiers

PMID31915268
PMCPMC7571355

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