ArticleGenome medicine2020
Strains used in whole organism Plasmodium falciparum vaccine trials differ in genome structure, sequence, and immunogenic potential.
Article in Genome medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- The exception that proves the rule: Virulence gene expression at the onset of Plasmodium falciparum blood stage infections.PLoS pathogens · 2023Trial
- Whole sporozoite immunization with Plasmodium falciparum strain NF135 in a randomized trial.BMC medicine · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Heterologous protection against malaria by a simple chemoattenuated PfSPZ vaccine regimen in a randomized trial.Nature communications · 2021Trial
- Pan-African hybridization of PfSPZ increases antigenic diversity and replicative capacity for malaria vaccine design.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Benchmarking of real-time, field-deployable whole-genome sequencing ofMicrobial genomics · 2026Article
- Signatures of pathogen-driven selection and Austronesian gene flow of Papua New Guinea HLA alleles.American journal of human genetics · 2026Article
- Microfluidic platform for automatic quantification of malaria parasite invasion under physiological flow conditions.Lab on a chip · 2026Article
- The endemic dilemma: why whole sporozoite malaria vaccine efficacy falls in the field.Trends in parasitology · 2026Review
- upsML: A high-accuracy machine learning classifier for predicting Plasmodium falciparum var gene upstream groups.PloS one · 2026Article
- Under conditions of high wall shear stress, several PfEBA and PfRH ligands are important for malariamBio · 2025Article
- Worldwide genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax Pv47 is consistent with natural selection by anopheline mosquitoes.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Malaria: past, present, and future.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Diamonds in the rif: Alignment-free comparative genomics analysis reveals strain-transcendent Plasmodium falciparum antigens amidst extensive genetic diversity.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Identification and biophysical characterization of Plasmodium peptide binding by common African HLAs.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Protective targets of PfSPZ vaccines identified from whole-genome sieve analysis of isolates from malaria vaccine efficacy trials in West Africa.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Regular Plasmodium falciparum importation onto Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea, hampers malaria elimination from the island.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Controlled human malaria infection with NF54 and 7G8 strains elicit differential antibody responses to Plasmodium falciparum peptides.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Application of optical tweezer technology reveals that PfEBA and PfRH ligands, not PfMSP1, play a central role in Plasmodium falciparum merozoite-erythrocyte attachment.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Hybrid-Capture Target Enrichment in Human Pathogens: Identification, Evolution, Biosurveillance, and Genomic Epidemiology.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
34 authors at 8 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPlasmodium falciparum (Pf) whole-organism sporozoite vaccines have been shown to provide significant protection against controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) in clinical trials. Initial CHMI studies showed significantly higher durable protection against homologous than heterologous strains, suggesting the presence of strain-specific vaccine-induced protection. However, interpretation of these results and understanding of their relevance to vaccine efficacy have been hampered by the lack of knowledge on genetic differences between vaccine and CHMI strains, and how these strains are related to parasites in malaria endemic regions.
methodsWhole genome sequencing using long-read (Pacific Biosciences) and short-read (Illumina) sequencing platforms was conducted to generate de novo genome assemblies for the vaccine strain, NF54, and for strains used in heterologous CHMI (7G8 from Brazil, NF166.C8 from Guinea, and NF135.C10 from Cambodia). The assemblies were used to characterize sequences in each strain relative to the reference 3D7 (a clone of NF54) genome. Strains were compared to each other and to a collection of clinical isolates (sequenced as part of this study or from public repositories) from South America, sub-Saharan Africa, and Southeast Asia.
resultsWhile few variants were detected between 3D7 and NF54, we identified tens of thousands of variants between NF54 and the three heterologous strains. These variants include SNPs, indels, and small structural variants that fall in regulatory and immunologically important regions, including transcription factors (such as PfAP2-L and PfAP2-G) and pre-erythrocytic antigens that may be key for sporozoite vaccine-induced protection. Additionally, these variants directly contributed to diversity in immunologically important regions of the genomes as detected through in silico CD8
conclusionsThese results will assist in the interpretation of vaccine efficacy of whole-organism vaccines against homologous and heterologous CHMI.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.