ArticlePloS one2020
Percent amplitude of fluctuation: A simple measure for resting-state fMRI signal at single voxel level.
Article in PloS one, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 98 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
98 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Abnormalities of intrinsic brain activity in late-life depression: a meta-analysis of resting-state functional imaging studies.Translational psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Systematic review on effects of experimental orthodontic tooth displacement on brain activation assessed by fMRI.Clinical and experimental dental research · 2024Pooled it
- Abnormalities of brain structure and function in cervical spondylosis: a multi-modal voxel-based meta-analysis.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Multimodal MRI local metrics and cognitive performance following water intake in 12-h water-restricted adults: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Trial
- Default mode network and visual network responsiveness to transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation predict its variable efficacy in primary insomnia disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Trial
- Detecting neuroplastic effects induced by ketamine in healthy human subjects: A multimodal approach.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026Article
- Neural Correlates of Virtual Reality Intervention in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Resting-State fMRI Study Based on Percent Amplitude of Fluctuation.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Intrinsic Brain Activity Alterations in Disorders of Consciousness: A Parallel Resting-State fMRI Analysis at 7 Tesla.Brain topography · 2026Article
- Theoretical, Technical, and Analytical Foundations of Task-Based and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)-A Narrative Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Sex, drugs, and arousal-two randomized trials on the effects of ketamine on sexual arousal and calcarine gyrus activity.Therapeutic advances in psychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Slow-4 cerebellar activity tracks MMSE language-related task performance across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum: a multi-metric resting-state fMRI study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Article
- Executive Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder Is Associated With Increased Cerebro-Cerebellar Resting-State Functional Connectivity.Neural plasticity · 2026Article
- Distinct patterns of spontaneous brain activity in mild cognitive impairment patients stratified by cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Altered attention and visuospatial abnormalities in Parkinson's disease: links to attention networks and basal ganglia.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- Knocking at the Doors of Perception: Relating LSD Effects on Low‐Frequency Fluctuations and Regional Homogeneity to Receptor Densities in fMRI.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Machine learning-driven microwave system for noninvasive monitoring of intracranial pressure.Biomedical engineering online · 2025Article
- Resting-State Functional MRI Analyses for Brain Activity Characterization: A Narrative Review of Features and Methods.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Review
- Machine learning of whole-brain resting-state fMRI signatures for individualized grading of frontal gliomas.Cancer imaging : the official publication of the International Cancer Imaging Society · 2025Article
- Abnormalities of regional brain activity in patients with asymptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion: a resting-state fMRI study.BMC neurology · 2025Article
- The influence of post-processing methods and frequency bands on rs-fMRI: An example of electroacupuncture at Zusanli (ST36).Neuroimage. Reports · 2025Article
38 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) measures resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) signal of each voxel. However, the unit of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal is arbitrary and hence ALFF is sensitive to the scale of raw signal. A well-accepted standardization procedure is to divide each voxel's ALFF by the global mean ALFF, named mALFF. Although fractional ALFF (fALFF), a ratio of the ALFF to the total amplitude within the full frequency band, offers possible solution of the standardization, it actually mixes with the fluctuation power within the full frequency band and thus cannot reveal the true amplitude characteristics of a given frequency band. The current study borrowed the percent signal change in task fMRI studies and proposed percent amplitude of fluctuation (PerAF) for RS-fMRI. We firstly applied PerAF and mPerAF (i.e., divided by global mean PerAF) to eyes open (EO) vs. eyes closed (EC) RS-fMRI data. PerAF and mPerAF yielded prominently difference between EO and EC, being well consistent with previous studies. We secondly performed test-retest reliability analysis and found that (PerAF ≈ mPerAF ≈ mALFF) > (fALFF ≈ mfALFF). Head motion regression (Friston-24) increased the reliability of PerAF, but decreased all other metrics (e.g. mPerAF, mALFF, fALFF, and mfALFF). The above results suggest that mPerAF is a valid, more reliable, more straightforward, and hence a promising metric for voxel-level RS-fMRI studies. Future study could use both PerAF and mPerAF metrics. For prompting future application of PerAF, we implemented PerAF in a new version of REST package named RESTplus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.