Observational studyMedicine2020
Malignancy rate of Bethesda category III thyroid nodules according to ultrasound risk stratification system and cytological subtype.
Observational study in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Diagnostic performance of ultrasound risk stratification systems on thyroid nodules cytologically classified as indeterminate: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Ultrasonography (Seoul, Korea) · 2023Pooled it
- Cancer prevalence in the subcategories of the indeterminate class III (AUS/FLUS) of the Bethesda system for thyroid cytology: a meta-analysis.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2021Pooled it
- Predicting malignancy in thyroid AUS: ultrasonographic and clinical risk factors beyond ACR TI-RADS.European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery · 2026Article
- Malignancy risk score in thyroid nodules with atypia of undetermined significance cytology: an approach based on cytological subgrouping and ultrasonographic data.Archives of endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Gray zone possibility in repeat Bethesda III cytology: a retrospective cohort study of malignancy and multifocality in thyroid nodules.Annals of surgical treatment and research · 2026Article
- The clinical value of repeat ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the management of Bethesda Category III thyroid nodules.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
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- Prediction of malignancy risk in Bethesda III nodules: development and validation of multiple machine learning models.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Combined model integrating clinical, radiomics, BRAFGland surgery · 2024Article
- Risk Stratification of Thyroid Nodules Diagnosed as Bethesda Category III by Ultrasound, Size, and Cytology.Korean journal of radiology · 2024Observational
- Current controversies in the management of patients with indeterminate thyroid nodules.Saudi medical journal · 2023Review
- The impact of thyroid imaging reporting and data system on the management of Bethesda III thyroid nodules.Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences · 2023Article
- Review
- Clinico-cytopathological subcategorization in thyroid nodules of atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance using the TIRADS and Bethesda classifications.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Comparison of Korean vs. American Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System in Malignancy Risk Assessment of Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2021Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The risk of malignancy is considered to be 10% to 30% for cases of thyroid nodules with atypia or follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS). However, only a minority of patients with AUS/FLUS undergo surgery; therefore, the risk of malignancy might be overestimated due to selection bias. To overcome this problem, we categorized cases of thyroid nodules with AUS/FLUS using the ultrasound risk stratification system (US-RSS) to calculate the malignancy rate and identify the patients most suitable for surgical treatment.In this retrospective observational study, we subcategorized 382 pathologically confirmed thyroid nodules with AUS/FLUS using current US-RSSs (American Thyroid Association, Korean-Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System, American College of Radiology-Thyroid Imaging, Reporting and Data System, European Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System) and calculated the malignancy rate. Additionally, cases of nodules with AUS/FLUS were categorized according to their cytological subtypes, and the malignancy rate was calculated.Current US-RSSs showed good or moderate agreement among them. The overall malignancy rate for thyroid nodules with AUS/FLUS was 38.7%. On categorization of the nodules with AUS/FLUS, the malignancy rates were found to be 60% to 67.5% for the high suspicion category, 32.2-36.6% for the intermediate suspicion category, and 12.4% to 16.3% for the low suspicion category. The malignancy rate for nodules with cytologic atypia was significantly higher than that for nodules with architectural atypia, especially in the intermediate suspicion category.Categorization of thyroid nodules with AUS/FLUS using current US-RSSs helps to determine the optimal course of management of patients, especially when combined with cytological subtype characterization.
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