ArticleMedicine2020
Inequality in the health services utilization in rural and urban china: A horizontal inequality analysis.
Article in Medicine, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The economic burden of Type 2 Diabetes by social determinants of health: A systematic review.PloS one · 2026Pooled it
- Educational Interventions to Promote Cervical Cancer Screening among Rural Populations: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Health Influence and Association Analysis of Inpatient Service Under-Utilization in Older Adults With Multimorbidities: A National Study in China.Health care science · 2026Article
- Article
- Disparities and trends in drug-related adverse reaction mortality in the United States, 1999-2020.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
- Analysis of cross-provincial healthcare utilization among hospitalized patients in a tertiary Chinese medicine hospital.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Analysis of influencing factors and urban-rural difference decomposition of mental health literacy among residents in Chongqing, Southwest China: a large-scale multistage random sampling survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Determinants of health poverty vulnerability of rural households in Jiangxi Province, China: an analysis based on risk theory.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of parents of pediatric patients undergoing eye surgery under general anesthesia: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The epidemiology and disease economic burden of osteoarticular tuberculosis in hospitalized children in China: a nationwide cross-sectional retrospective study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Association between family doctor contract services and management status among patients with hypertension or diabetes in a multi-ethnic Province of China.BMC primary care · 2025Article
- The equity of health service utilization in less developed areas of China: evidence from Gansu Province.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Helicobacter pylori, gastric precancerous lesions and gastric cancer: a multicenter, population-based cross-sectional study in Nanjing.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Spatial differences, dynamic evolution and influencing factors of the coupling and coordination relationship between health resources allocation and health service utilization in China.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Post-COVID social engagement and depression among Chinese older adults: exploring rural/urban and gender differences.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Understanding the Mismatch Between Utilization and Demand for Home Medical Care Among Disabled Older Adults in China.Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare · 2025Article
- Association Between Chronic Pain, Coping Strategies, and Sleep Quality in Rural Chinese Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.Clinical interventions in aging · 2025Observational
- An empirical study on the impact of charitable medical care on residents' health level.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Health inequalities for China's low-income population: trends, subgroup differences, and influencing factors, 2010-2022.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Cross-provincial inpatient mobility patterns and their determinants in China.BMC health services research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundInequality in health and health care remains a rather challenging issue in China, existing both in rural and urban area, and between rural and urban. This study used nationally representative data to assess inequality in both rural and urban China separately and to identify socioeconomic factors that may contribute to this inequality.
methodsThis study used 2008 National Health Services Survey data. Demographic characteristics, income, health status, medical service utilization, and medical expenses were collected. Horizontal inequality analysis was performed using nonlinear regression method.
resultsPositive inequity in outpatient services and inpatient service was evident in both rural and urban area of China. Greater inequity of outpatient service use in urban than that in rural areas was evident (horizontal inequity index [HI] = 0.085 vs 0.029). In contrast, rural areas had greater inequity of inpatient service use compared to urban areas (HI = 0.21 vs 0.16). The decomposition analysis found that the household income made the greatest pro-rich contribution in both rural and urban China. However, chronic diseases and aging were also important contributors to the inequality in rural area.
conclusionThe inequality in health service in both rural and urban China was mainly attributed to the household income. In addition, chronic disease and aging were associated with inequality in rural population. Those findings provide evidences for policymaker to develop a sustainable social welfare system in China.
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