Observational studyInternational ophthalmology2020
Foveal avascular zone and vessel density in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Observational study in International ophthalmology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis on the ocular characteristics in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Optical coherence tomography angiography findings in ADHD.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Retinal fundus imaging as biomarker for ADHD using machine learning for screening and visual attention stratification.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Assessment of the Effect of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder on Choroidal Thickness Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography.Beyoglu eye journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare the retinal and choroidal microvasculature quantitatively via optical coherence angiography (OCTA) in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were under methylphenidate (MFD) treatment or newly diagnosed as ADHD and were not taking any medication.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional, comparative, and observational study. The children who were between 6 and 17 years old and previously diagnosed as ADHD and were under MFD treatment or who were newly diagnosed as ADHD were included in the study. Optical coherence tomography angiography imaging was performed via OCT RT XR Avanti with AngioVue software (Optivue Inc, Freemont, CA). The main outcome measure of the study was OCTA parameters of the children with ADHD.
resultsA total of 186 eyes of 186 patients were included in the study. There were 80 eyes in the control group (newly diagnosed) and 106 eyes in the treatment group (under MFD treatment). The mean duration of methylphenidate use in the treatment group was 33.9 ± 20.1 months (between 6 and 84 months). The choriocapillary flow area (p = 0.03), superficial parafoveal thickness (p = 0.01), and deep parafoveal thickness (p = 0.01) were statistically greater in the treatment group than the control group.
conclusionMost of the important OCTA parameters especially foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area and FAZ perimeter were similar in the two groups. There was a significant difference between the two groups in parafoveal thickness values which might point to a slight effect of MFD on retinal circulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.