Trial reportDiabetologia2020
Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in childhood and risk of islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes: the TRIGR nested case-control ancillary study.
Trial report in Diabetologia, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00179777 (TRIGR - Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
TRIGR - Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 38 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular Footprints of the Immune Assault on Pancreatic Beta Cells in Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D levels and risk of type 1 diabetes: A Mendelian randomization study.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Tissue-Specific VDR Pathway Gene Expression Is Not Associated with Circulating 25OHD in Adolescents with Severe Obesity.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Attenuated Seasonality of Childhood Type 1 Diabetes with Increasing Autoimmune Comorbidities: A 40-year Cohort Study.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Increased Levels of the Vitamin D Metabolite Ratio Are Protective Against Progression From Islet Autoimmunity to T1D.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Article
- Vitamin D supplementation in individuals with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM): a systematic review and meta-analysis focusing on pediatrics.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Combined Use of Vitamin D and DPP-4 Inhibitors as a Potential Adjuvant Treatment Strategy to Enhance the Efficacy of Novel Beta-Cell Replacement Therapies for Type 1 Diabetes.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The Role of Vitamin D Supplementation in Type 1, Type 2, and Gestational Diabetes: A Comprehensive Updated Narrative Review.Clinics and practice · 2025Review
- Not Only Metabolic Complications of Childhood Obesity.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Vitamin D insufficiency in infants with increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes: a secondary analysis of the POInT Study.BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Leptin and IGF-1 in Infancy Are Associated With Variants in DHCR7 and CYP2R1 That Relate With Type 1 Diabetes and 25OHD.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2023Article
- Secondary Prevention of Diabetes Type 1 with Oral Calcitriol and Analogs, the PRECAL Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Seasonality in the manifestation of type 1 diabetes varies according to age at diagnosis in Finnish children.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2022Article
- Free, bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and their association with diabetic ketoacidosis in children with type 1 diabetes at diagnosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Functional Impact of Risk Gene Variants on the Autoimmune Responses in Type 1 Diabetes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- 25(OH)D Levels in Infancy Is Associated With Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in At-Risk Children: A Case-Control Study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Article
- A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Review
- The Causes of Insulin Resistance in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Is There a Place for Quaternary Prevention?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisOur aim was to study the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentration and islet autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes in children with an increased genetic risk of type 1 diabetes.
methodsSerum samples for 25OHD measurements were obtained in the Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) ancillary study (Divia) from children in 15 countries. Case children (n = 244) were defined as having positivity for at least two out of four diabetes-associated autoantibodies measured at any one sample. For each case child, two control children were selected matched for country and date of birth (±1 year) (n = 488). Of the case children, 144 developed type 1 diabetes. Serum 25OHD was measured repeatedly in infancy and childhood and was compared according to age at the first seroconversion (at 6, 12 and 18 months prior to and at seroconversion) and calendar age (0, 6, 12 and 18 months).
resultsIn children with islet autoimmunity, mean serum 25OHD concentration was lower 18 months prior to the age of first seroconversion of the case children compared with the control children (57.7 vs 64.8 nmol/l, p = 0.007). In children with type 1 diabetes (n = 144), mean serum 25OHD concentration was lower 18 months prior to the age of the first seroconversion (58.0 vs 65.0 nmol/l, p = 0.018) and at the calendar age of 12 months (70.1 vs 75.9 nmol/l, p = 0.031) than in their control counterparts. Analyses were adjusted for month of sample collection, human leucocyte antigen genotype, maternal type 1 diabetes and sex. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe results suggest that early postnatal vitamin D may confer protection against the development of type 1 diabetes.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT00179777.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.