ArticleHealth and quality of life outcomes2020
Psychometric properties of the Danish Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients with cardiac disease: results from the DenHeart survey.
Article in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01926145 (DenHeart - Self-reported Health and Quality of Life at Hospital Discharge From a Heart Centre in Denmark), which is not on this map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
DenHeart - Self-reported Health and Quality of Life at Hospital Discharge From a Heart Centre in Denmark
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Patients Reporting Symptoms of Anxiety and Depression After Myocardial Infarction: U-CARE Heart Randomized Controlled Trial Twelve-Month Follow-up.Journal of medical Internet research · 2021Trial
- The Effect of Peer-Mentor Support for Older Vulnerable Patients With Ischemic Heart Disease-A 24-Week Randomized Controlled Trial.The Journal of cardiovascular nursingTrial
- Psychological Profiling and Quantitative Sensory Testing Parameters as Predictors of Experimental Induced Muscle Pain.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2026Article
- Psychological and cognitive support after cardiac arrest: a systematic review.Resuscitation plus · 2026Review
- Quality-of-life and late effects after transabdominal cerclage: A nationwide matched cohort study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026Article
- Beta-blockers, depression, and anxiety after myocardial infarction: the BETAMI-DANBLOCK trial.European heart journal · 2026Article
- Singapore Post-cardiac Arrest Care Guidelines 2026.Singapore medical journal · 2026Review
- Social Determinants of Health and Long‑Term Joblessness Among Severe COVID‑19 Survivors: Secondary Analysis of a Nationwide 2‑Year Prospective Cohort (COVID-19 Recovery Study II).Critical care explorations · 2026Observational
- Assessing adult attachment after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: an exploratory analysis and construct validation of the ECR-RS.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Multifactorial Machine Learning Algorithm Integration of Pain Mechanisms Can Predict the Efficacy of 3-Week NSAID Plus Paracetamol in Patients With Painful Knee Osteoarthritis.European journal of pain (London, England) · 2025Article
- Feasibility of INSELMA: an interdisciplinary nurse-coordinated self-management intervention for people with inflammatory arthritis and substantial disease impact.EULAR rheumatology open · 2025Article
- Development of a guided internet-based psychological intervention for patients with ischemic heart disease and comorbid anxiety and/or depression: A patient and public involvement study.Internet interventions · 2025Article
- Mind-Body Practices for Mental Health in Higher Education: Breathing, Grounding, and Consistency Are Essential for Stress and Anxiety Management.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Enduring Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Physicians in Pakistan: A Mixed-Methods Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Early cognitive and psychological symptoms in cardiac arrest survivors and mental health outcomes among relatives: findings from the REVIVAL cohort.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAnxiety and depression symptoms are common among cardiac patients. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression; however, no study on the validity and reliability of the scale in Danish cardiac patients has been done. The aim, therefore, was to evaluate the psychometric properties of HADS in a large sample of Danish patients with the four most common cardiac diagnoses: ischemic heart disease, arrhythmias, heart failure and heart valve disease.
methodsThe DenHeart study was designed as a national cross-sectional survey including the HADS, SF-12 and HeartQoL and combined with data from national registers. Psychometric evaluation included analyses of floor and ceiling effects, structural validity using both exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and hypotheses testing of convergent and divergent validity by relating the HADS scores to the SF-12 and HeartQoL. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, and differential item functioning by gender was examined using ordinal logistic regression.
resultsA total of 12,806 patients (response rate 51%) answered the HADS. Exploratory factor analysis supported the original two-factor structure of the HADS, while confirmatory factor analysis supported a three-factor structure consisting of the original depression subscale and two anxiety subscales as suggested in a previous study. There were floor effects on all items and ceiling effect on item 8. The hypotheses regarding convergent validity were confirmed but those regarding divergent validity for HADS-D were not. Internal consistency was good with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.87 for HADS-A and 0.82 for HADS-D. There were no indications of noticeable differential item functioning by gender for any items.
conclusionsThe present study supported the evidence of convergent validity and high internal consistency for both HADS outcomes in a large sample of Danish patients with cardiac disease. There are, however, conflicting results regarding the factor structure of the scale consistent with previous research.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01926145.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.