ArticleThe Journal of clinical investigation2020
HIV persists throughout deep tissues with repopulation from multiple anatomical sources.
Article in The Journal of clinical investigation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 163 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
163 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 237 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Review of Network Models for HIV Spread.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Pooled it
- Brief Report: Rebound HIV Viremia With Meningoencephalitis After Antiretroviral Therapy Interruption After Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplant.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2022Trial
- HIV RNA Rebound in Seminal Plasma after Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption.Journal of virology · 2020Trial
- HIV-1 compartmentalization in the central nervous system during cryptococcal meningitis: Analysis of viral, fungal, and host factors.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Deconvolution of HIV-1 Mutational Signatures Reveals Dominant and Donor-Specific APOBEC3-Associated Mutagenesis Across Anatomical Compartments.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- HIV immunological nonresponders show low SKAP1 concentration and DNA hypermethylation in the SKAP1 promotor region.AIDS (London, England) · 2026Article
- Ethical frameworks and community engagement in HIV cure-related research at the end of life: looking back, moving forward.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2026Article
- The immunophenotype and proviral landscape of HIV-infected CD4 T cells during antiretroviral therapy.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Phenotypic analysis of productively SIV-infected cells in blood and lymphoid tissues of rhesus macaques.Cell reports · 2026Article
- A screen of chromatin-targeting compounds identifies TAF1 as a novel regulator of HIV latency.mBio · 2026Article
- The brain as an HIV reservoir: Recent findings using autopsy tissues from people with HIV.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- HIV Reservoirs in Brain parenchyma and Cerebrospinal Fluid During Suppressive ART: Same-Same or Very Different?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Central Nervous System T-cell immune architecture, and not HIV burden, tracks with cognition under long-term viral suppression.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Recurrent mutations drive rapid HIV escape from two broadly neutralizing antibodies in vivo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Latent HIV Reservoirs in the Central Nervous System: Mechanisms, Barriers, and Therapeutic Approaches.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Review
- A Tissue Virus Microenvironment with Activated Stress Responses Underlies Durable SIV Persistence.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- HIV Promoters Isolated from Brain and Peripheral Tissue of Virally Suppressed PWH Are Phylogenetically and Functionally Similar.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Context dependency is essential for predicting intrahost evolution.Nature ecology & evolution · 2026Article
- Initial sites of SIV rebound after antiretroviral treatment cessation in rhesus macaques.Nature microbiology · 2026Article
- Post-treatment SIV control is associated with specific features of viral persistence before and after treatment interruption.Nature communications · 2026Article
103 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUNDUnderstanding HIV dynamics across the human body is important for cure efforts. This goal has been hampered by technical difficulties and the challenge of obtaining fresh tissues.METHODSThis observational study evaluated 6 individuals with HIV (n = 4 with viral suppression using antiretroviral [ART] therapy; n = 2 with rebound viremia after stopping ART), who provided serial blood samples before death and their bodies for rapid autopsy. HIV reservoirs were characterized by digital droplet PCR, single-genome amplification, and sequencing of full-length (FL) envelope HIV. Phylogeographic methods were used to reconstruct HIV spread, and generalized linear models were tested for viral factors associated with dispersal.RESULTSAcross participants, HIV DNA levels varied from approximately 0 to 659 copies/106 cells (IQR: 22.9-126.5). A total of 605 intact FL env sequences were recovered in antemortem blood cells and across 28 tissues (IQR: 5-9). Sequence analysis showed (a) the emergence of large, identical, intact HIV RNA populations in blood after cessation of therapy, which repopulated tissues throughout the body; (b) that multiple sites acted as hubs for HIV dissemination but that blood and lymphoid tissues were the main source; (c) that viral exchanges occurred within brain areas and across the blood-brain barrier; and (d) that migration was associated with low HIV divergence between sites and greater diversity at the recipient site.CONCLUSIONHIV reservoirs persisted in all deep tissues, and blood was the main source of dispersal. This may explain why eliminating HIV susceptibility in circulating T cells via bone marrow transplants allowed some individuals with HIV to experience therapy-free remission, even though deeper tissue reservoirs were not targeted.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNot applicable.FUNDINGNIH grants P01 AI31385, P30 AI036214, AI131971-01, AI120009AI036214, HD094646, AI027763, AI134295, and AI68636.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.