ReviewBMJ global health2019
Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT): a market-shaping intervention in India.
Review in BMJ global health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Implementation strategies to increase the uptake and impact of molecular WHO-recommended rapid diagnostic tests: evidence from a mixed-methods systematic review.BMJ global health · 2025Pooled it
- Progress, impacts and lessons from market shaping in the past decade: a systematic review.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Can we optimise the TB response amid funding constraints using evidence-based, cost-effective strategies.IJTLD open · 2026Article
- Ensuring universal access to quality care for persons with presumed tuberculosis reaching the private sector: lessons from Kerala.International journal for equity in health · 2024Article
- Policy gaps in addressing market failures and intervention misalignments in tuberculosis control: prospects for improvement in China, India, and Indonesia.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2024Review
- Do private providers initiate anti-tuberculosis therapy on the basis of chest radiographs? A standardised patient study in urban India.The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2023Article
- Partnering with the private laboratories to strengthen TB diagnostics in Nigeria.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Review
- STEPS - a patient centric and low-cost solution to ensure standards of TB care to patients reaching private sector in India.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- The Lancet Commission on diagnostics: transforming access to diagnostics.Lancet (London, England) · 2021Review
- Progress toward Developing Sensitive Non-Sputum-Based Tuberculosis Diagnostic Tests: the Promise of Urine Cell-Free DNA.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2021Article
- Integrating Xpert MTB/RIF for TB diagnosis in the private sector: evidence from large-scale pilots in Patna and Mumbai, India.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Field sales force model to increase adoption of a novel tuberculosis diagnostic test among private providers: evidence from India.BMJ global health · 2020Article
- Enhanced Private Sector Engagement for Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Reporting through an Intermediary Agency in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020Article
- India is well placed to scale innovations in tuberculosis diagnostics.The Indian journal of medical researchArticle
- SARS-CoV-2 testing in low- and middle-income countries: availability and affordability in the private health sector.Microbes and infectionArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A majority of patients with tuberculosis (TB) in India are diagnosed and treated in the private sector. Yet, most private providers do not use most recent WHO-endorsed microbiological tests such as liquid cultures, line probe assays and Xpert MTB/RIF due to a combination of factors such as lack of awareness, misaligned incentives and high prices that are unaffordable for patients. We designed a market-based approach to transform a high-price, low-volume market equilibrium into a low-price, high-volume equilibrium to improve the uptake of these tests. Toward this end, a non-profit consortium of private laboratories, called Initiative for Promoting Affordable and Quality Tuberculosis Tests (IPAQT) was formed in India in March 2013. It negotiated lower pricing on equipment and reagents with manufacturers, closer to that offered to the public sector. In return, IPAQT assured that this discount was passed on to patients, who typically paid for these tests out of their pockets, through an informally agreed on retail ceiling price. IPAQT also invested in demand generation activities that complemented the supply-side effort. IPAQT membership grew from 56 laboratories in 2013 to 211 in 2018. During this period, the initiative resulted in a 10-fold increase in the uptake of Xpert and a 30%-50% reduction in price. This initiative is planned to be expanded to other South Asian countries with similar TB epidemic and private market structure and dynamics. However, long-term sustainability of the initiative would require developing more cost-effective marketing activities and integration with broader private sector engagement agenda of the national TB programme.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.