ReviewTherapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease2019
Hidradenitis suppurativa: infection, autoimmunity, or both?
Review in Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuropathic Pain Management Using Novel Biologics in Moderate-to-Severe Hidradenitis Suppurativa.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- IgA autoantibodies promote inflammation, Th17 polarization and fibrotic responses in hidradenitis suppurativa.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Immunohistochemical Characterisation of the Interstitial Inflammatory Environment: T-Cell- and B-Cell-Dominant Subtypes of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.Dermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Minimally invasive management of hidradenitis suppurativa using a 1470 nm diode laser: a step-by-step description of our technique.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Interleukin-17 Inhibitors in the Treatment of Hidradenitis Suppurativa.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025Review
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Elderly Patients: Clinical and Therapeutical Outcomes-A Review of the Literature.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Review
- Evidence on Hidradenitis Suppurativa as an Autoinflammatory Skin Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Adiponectin Contributes to the Inflammatory Milieu in Hidradenitis Suppurativa.Dermatology practical & conceptual · 2022Article
- Autoantibodies Present in Hidradenitis Suppurativa Correlate with Disease Severity and Promote the Release of Proinflammatory Cytokines in Macrophages.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2022Article
- Therapies for hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review with a focus on Brazil.Drugs in context · 2022Review
- Review
- Increased influenza vaccination rates in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases during the Covid-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study.Rheumatology international · 2021Observational
- Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Host-Microbe and Immune Pathogenesis Underlie Important Future Directions.JID innovations : skin science from molecules to population health · 2021Review
- Treatment strategies in axial spondyloarthritis: what, when and how?Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2020Review
- Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis syndrome: review and update.Therapeutic advances in musculoskeletal disease · 2020Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease mainly affecting areas rich in apocrine glands. Clinically, is characterized by painful subcutaneous nodules and if left untreated to pus secretion, abscess and fistula formation. Its frequency is estimated to be 0.5-4% of the general population, affecting women more often. Pathogenesis of HS is still not clearly defined. It seems to be a combination of genetic factors with alterations in the skin microbiome. Furthermore, at tissue (i.e. skin) as well as at serum level, several inflammatory cytokines are upregulated. The most important of the latter are tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-17, and IL-23. Adding another level of complexity, it has been suggested that keratinocytes might be intrinsically activated, contributing also to the observed inflammation. Interestingly, it has been noted that frequency of HS is increased in some autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as spondyloarthropathies (SpA). Of note, both HS and SpA have relatively strong association with metabolic diseases and obesity implying that there are indeed some common underlying pathophysiological pathways. Although no specific microbe has been identified, alterations in the microbiome of the skin of these patients have been reported. Of note, microbes with a capability for biofilm formation are abundant. Treatment of HS among others, include antibiotics as well as biologic drugs targeting TNF and other cytokines and used for autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Herein, we review the current evidence on links between HS and autoimmune diseases and infectious diseases with a focus on epidemiology and pathophysiology.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.