ArticleOncoTargets and therapy2019
Demethylation and Overexpression of CSF2 are Involved in Immune Response, Chemotherapy Resistance, and Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer.
Article in OncoTargets and therapy, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- A bioinformatics and experimental approach identifies glycoprotein-based diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for colon adenocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Sm29 antigen differentially shapes transcriptomic and regulatory landscapes across reactional forms of leprosy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
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- CSF2 promotes chemoresistance in colorectal cancer by regulating Notch pathway.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Application and recent advances in conventional biomarkers for the prognosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Mechanistic insights curcumin's anti-inflammatory in pancreatic cancer: experimental and computational evidence implicating IL1B interferenceFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Article
- The role of immune cells and immune related genes in the tumor microenvironment of papillary thyroid cancer and their significance for immunotherapy.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- CSF2 Impairs Nrf2 Signaling through the Akt/Mtor Pathway in the Development of Bladder Cancer.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- Establishment of two oxaliplatin-resistant gallbladder cancer cell lines and comprehensive analysis of dysregulated genes.Open medicine (Warsaw, Poland) · 2023Article
- A Novel Lymphangiogenesis-Related Gene Signature can Predict Prognosis and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of medical sciences · 2023Article
- Acircadian rhythm-related gene signature for predicting survival and drug response in HNSC.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- A Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Signature Predicts the Clinical Outcomes and Immunotherapy Response in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
- Design and Evaluation ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Identification of prognostic biomarkers associated with metastasis and immune infiltration in osteosarcoma.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- HIST1H1B Promotes Basal-Like Breast Cancer Progression by Modulating CSF2 Expression.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
- Regulation of signal transduction pathways in colorectal cancer: implications for therapeutic resistance.PeerJ · 2021Article
- Identification of intestinal flora-related key genes and therapeutic drugs in colorectal cancer.BMC medical genomics · 2020Article
- Low Tumor Infiltrating Mast Cell Density Reveals Prognostic Benefit in Cervical Carcinoma.Technology in cancer research & treatmentArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the role of colony-stimulating factor 2 (CSF2) in chemotherapy resistance, prognosis, and immune response and to identify its possible mechanisms underlying drug resistance.
methodsDrug-resistant cell lines were obtained by successively increasing drug concentration. RNA-Seq was performed to screen hub genes. CSF2 expression was analyzed via immunohistochemistry. Moreover, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) dataset, and R2 platform were used to explore the correlations among CSF2 expression, prognosis, and immune response.
resultsRNA-Seq indicated that microRNAs in cancer, P53 signaling pathway, and cell cycle were associated with FOLFOX chemotherapy resistance. Protein-protein interaction (PPI), molecular complex detection (MOCDE), and qRT-PCR analysis verified CSF2 as the hub gene in chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, CSF2 expression was lower in the normal tissue than in the cancerous tissue (P<0.05). Higher expression of CSF2 was associated with poor OS and DFS in colon cancer patients (P<0.05). We further found similar results in the Oncomine database and R2 platform (P<0.05). A higher expression of CSF2 in the CRC tissue may be caused by demethylation, which was verified using the TCGA datasets. Moreover, GSEA demonstrated that CSF2 was associated with immune response, which was consistent with results reported using TIMER datasets.
conclusionCSF2 is a novel biomarker and a prognostic factor for the survival of CRC patients affecting the immune response, and an overexpression of CSF2 in CRC patients may be caused by DNA demethylation.
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