ArticleJournal of clinical laboratory analysis2020
Expression patterns of CD28 and CTLA-4 in early, chronic, and untreated rheumatoid arthritis.
Article in Journal of clinical laboratory analysis, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular dissection of CD28-associated cytokine signaling in early psoriasis.Molecular biology reports · 2026Article
- Geroscience insights into difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis: the role of unhealthy aging, comorbidity, and therapeutic complexity.GeroScience · 2026Review
- Article
- sCD163, sCD28, sCD80, and sCTLA-4 as soluble marker candidates for detecting immunosenescence.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Review
- New T-lymphocyte subpopulations and their characteristics: Challenges to the classical division of lymphocyte function.Central-European journal of immunology · 2024Review
- Differences in IDO1Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Current understanding of CTLA-4: from mechanism to autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Metabolic syndrome in rheumatoid arthritis patients: Relationship among its clinical components.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2021Article
- Expression patterns of CD28 and CTLA-4 in early, chronic, and untreated rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundT-cell activation pathways have been proposed as trigger mechanisms in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). CD28 and CTLA-4 play major roles in regulating the stimulatory and inhibitory co-signals in T cells.
objectiveTo analyze the association between soluble and surface expression of CD28 and CTLA-4 with the clinical parameters of RA patients.
methodsA total of 35 RA patients classified as early RA (n = 14), chronic RA (n = 14), and untreated RA (n = 7), as well as 7 age- and sex-matched control subjects (CS) were included. Surface expression of CD28 and CTLA-4 on T cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. Soluble levels of CD28 (sCD28), CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4), and anti-CCP antibodies were measured by ELISA.
resultsA significant lower percentage of CD8 + T cells positive to CD28 (CS = 64.9% vs RA = 42.7%, P = .04), and diminished surface expression of CD28 (CS: MFI = 122.9 vs RA: MFI = 33.1, P = .006), were found in chronic RA patients compared to CS. Higher sCD28 were observed in early RA patients compared with chronic RA patients (P < .05). sCTLA-4 was found increased in untreated RA patients compared to early RA patients (P < .05). sCD28 concentration correlated with anti-CCP levels (rho = -0.12; P = .032). The soluble and surface expressions of CTLA-4 were not associated with RA clinical parameters.
conclusionsIn RA, the percentage of CD8 + CD28+ T cells decreases and expresses fewer membrane CD28 than CS. sCD28 levels are lower in chronic RA and are associated negatively with anti-CCP levels. sCTLA 4 levels are lower in early RA patients than in untreated RA patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.