ArticleSurgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA2020
Influence of sex and body mass index on facial soft tissue thickness measurements in an adult population of southwest of Iran.
Article in Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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6 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking-related variation in facial soft tissue thickness assessed by ultrasound: forensic implications for facial analysis.Die Naturwissenschaften · 2026Article
- A preliminary study of facial soft tissue thickness for forensic facial reconstruction in a Nigerian adult female community.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Article
- The value of magnetic resonance imaging in forensic investigation: a mapping review.International journal of legal medicine · 2026Review
- Influence of body mass index on perceived lower facial asymmetry.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Forensic facial reconstruction: A computer tomography study of facial soft tissue thickness in Nigerian adult male multi-ethnic population.International journal of legal medicine · 2025Article
- Global facial soft tissue thicknesses for craniofacial identification (2023): a review of 140 years of data since Welcker's first study.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
purposeFacial soft tissues have different thicknesses among different genders and ethnicities. This study was aimed to investigate the association of sex, ethnicity and body mass index (BMI) with facial soft tissue thickness measurements using magnetic resonance imaging to make a database for the Iranian southwest population (for Lur and Arab populations).
methodsIn this analytical cross-sectional study, measurements of superficial soft tissues were taken at nine points of midline including glabella (GB), nasion (NA), end of nasals (END), mid-philtrum (MID), upper lip margin (UL), lower lip margin (LL), chin-lip fold (CLF), mental eminence (ME) and beneath chin (BC), eight points of axial sections including frontal tubers (FT), supraorbital margin (SO), external orbital margin (EX) and zygomatic arch (ZY) on both sides, and also two points of coronal section including both sides of the masseteric region (MST).
resultsFor association of sex with the measurements, NA, MID, UL, LL and BC were significantly higher in men (Pc < 0.05). The most accurate measurement was MID with area under curve (AUC) = 85.03%, followed by UL (81.21%), NA (72.18%), LL (71.19%) and BC (68.10%). For association of ethnicity with BMI and measurements, higher amounts of GB and MID were associated in Arab patients.
conclusionThis study showed significant association of soft tissue thickness measurements with sex, BMI and ethnicities of southwest of Iran. MID had the most diagnostic value for male sex. The results of this study can be used in forensic medicine to diagnose the legal and biological identity of the corpse.
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