Trial reportRespiratory research2020
Risk factors for exacerbations and pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a pooled analysis.
Trial report in Respiratory research, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 5 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, 52-Week Study to Compare the Effect of Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol Diskus Combination Product 250/50mcg BID With Salmeterol Diskus 50mcg BID on the Annual Rate of Moderate/Severe Exacerbations in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, 52-Week Study to Compare the Effect of Fluticasone Propionate/Salmeterol DISKUS® Inhaler Combination Product 250/50mcg Twice Daily With Salmeterol DISKUS® Inhaler 50mcg Twice Daily on the Annual Rate of Moderate/Severe Exacerbations in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
A Multicentre, Randomised, Double-blind, Parallel Group, Placebo-controlled Study to Investigate the Long-term Effects of Salmeterol/Fluticasone Propionate (Seretide tm) 50/500mcg BD, Salmeterol 50mcg BD and Fluticasone Propionate 500mcg BD, All Delivered Via the Diskus tm/Accuhaler tm Inhaler, on Mortality and Morbidity of Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Over 3 Years of Treatment
HZC102871: A 52-week Efficacy and Safety Study to Compare the Effect of Three Dosage Strengths of Fluticasone Furoate/GW642444 Inhalation Powder With GW642444 on the Annual Rate of Exacerbations in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
HZC102970: A 52-week Efficacy and Safety Study to Compare the Effect of Three Dosage Strengths of Fluticasone Furoate/GW642444 Inhalation Powder With GW642444 on the Annual Rate of Exacerbations in Subjects With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparative effectiveness of triple versus dual inhaled therapy (ICS/LABA or LABA/LAMA) for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of pneumonia on the outcomes of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Prognostic risk factors for moderate-to-severe exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review.Respiratory research · 2022Pooled it
- Comparison of the Risk of Pneumonia Between Fluticasone Furoate/Umeclidinium/Vilanterol and Multiple-Inhaler Triple Therapy in Patients with COPD Using Health Insurance Claims Data: Final Analysis of Post-Marketing Database Surveillance in Japan.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of respiratory related hospitalizations in older patients with COPD, asthma, and bronchiectasis.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Association between Increased Risk of Pneumonia with ICS in COPD: A Continuous Variable Analysis of Patient Factors from the IMPACT Study.Pulmonary therapy · 2024Article
- Inhaler Formulary Change in COPD and the Association with Exacerbations, Health Care Utilization, and Costs.Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (Miami, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Clinical Concepts for Triple Therapy Use in Patients with COPD: A Delphi Consensus.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2023Article
- ICS/Ultra LABA in the Treatment of Obstructive Airway Diseases: A Consensus of Indian Experts.Advances in respiratory medicine · 2022Article
- Social Distancing in Relation to Severe Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Nationwide Semi-Experimental Study During the COVID-19 Pandemic.American journal of epidemiology · 2022Observational
- Use of single-inhaler triple therapy in the management of obstructive airway disease: Indian medical experts' review.ERJ open research · 2022Review
- Reply to: "Intraclass Difference in Pneumonia Risk with Fluticasone and Budesonide in COPD: A Systematic Review of Evidence from Direct-Comparison Studies" [Letter].International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2021Article
- Dual Bronchodilator in the Era of Triple Therapy.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2020Review
- Benefit/Risk Profile of Single-Inhaler Triple Therapy in COPD.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseReview
- Predicting Re-Exacerbation Timing and Understanding Prolonged Exacerbations: An Analysis of Patients with COPD in the ECLIPSE Cohort.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseArticle
- Frequency and Severity of Exacerbations of COPD Associated with Future Risk of Exacerbations and Mortality: A UK Routine Health Care Data Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk of exacerbations and pneumonia; how the risk factors interact is unclear.
methodsThis post-hoc, pooled analysis included studies of COPD patients treated with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)/long-acting β
resultsFive studies contributed: NCT01009463, NCT01017952, NCT00144911, NCT00115492, and NCT00268216. Low body mass index (BMI), exacerbation history, worsening lung function (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease [GOLD] stage), and ICS treatment were identified as factors increasing pneumonia risk. BMI was the only pneumonia risk factor influenced by ICS treatment, with ICS further increasing risk for those with BMI <25 kg/m
conclusionsThe probability of an exacerbation was considerably higher than for pneumonia. ICS reduced exacerbations but did not influence the effect of risks associated with prior exacerbation history, GOLD stage, or female sex. The only identified risk factor for ICS-induced pneumonia was BMI <25 kg/m
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.