ArticleJournal of neuroinflammation2020
Toll-like receptor 4 agonist and antagonist lipopolysaccharides modify innate immune response in rat brain circumventricular organs.
Article in Journal of neuroinflammation, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neuroimmune regulation of behavior: Focus on sensory circumventricular organs and associated cell circuit mechanisms.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Review
- Structure matters: commensalFrontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Article
- Cross-phenotype integration of eQTL-based Mendelian randomization and transcriptomics prioritizesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Research Progress of Functionalized Drug Delivery Nanosystems in Regulating Depression.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Alterations in Neuroinflammation, Microglia and Neuroplasticity in the Rat Hippocampus in a Combined Model of Periodontitis and Depression.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Brain Structures, Circuits, and Networks Involved in Immune Regulation, Periodontal Health, and Disease.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Neurosteroids, Microbiota, and Neuroinflammation: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association of Cognitive Impairment and Peripheral Inflammation in Methamphetamine-dependent Patients: A Cross-sectional Study on Neuroinflammatory Markers TNF-α and IL-6.Clinical psychopharmacology and neuroscience : the official scientific journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- The Role of Macronutrients and Gut Microbiota in Neuroinflammation Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Projections from subfornical organ to bed nucleus of the stria terminalis modulate inflammation-induced anxiety-like behaviors in mice.Science advances · 2024Article
- Nebulized Lipopolysaccharide Causes Delayed Cortical Neuroinflammation in a Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Microglial morphological/inflammatory phenotypes and endocannabinoid signaling in a preclinical model of periodontitis and depression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- P. gingivalis in oral-prostate axis exacerbates benign prostatic hyperplasia via IL-6/IL-6R pathway.Military Medical Research · 2024Article
- Data-driven discovery of innate immunomodulatorsChemical science · 2023Article
- Single-cell RNA-seq analyses inform necroptosis-associated myeloid lineages influence the immune landscape of pancreas cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Constitutively active microglial populations limit anorexia induced by the food contaminant deoxynivalenol.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- The subfornical organ regulates acidosis-evoked fear by engaging microglial acid-sensor TDAG8 and forebrain neurocircuits in male mice.Journal of neuroscience research · 2022Article
- Microglial Depletion Has No Impact on Disease Progression in a Mouse Model of Machado-Joseph Disease.Cells · 2022Article
- Lipopolysaccharide from Rhodobacter spheroids modulate toll-like receptors expression and tissue damage in an animal model of bilateral renal ischemic reperfusion injury.Journal of medicine and life · 2022Article
- Profiling Microglia in a Mouse Model of Machado-Joseph Disease.Biomedicines · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe circumventricular organs (CVOs) are blood-brain-barrier missing structures whose activation through lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a starting point for TLR-driven (Toll-like receptors) neuroinflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate in the CVO area postrema (AP), subfornical organ (SFO), and median eminence (ME), the inflammatory response to two TLR4 agonists: LPS from Escherichia coli (EC-LPS), the strongest endotoxin molecule described, and LPS from Porphyromonas gingivalis (PG-LPS), a pathogenic bacteria present in the periodontium related to neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative/psychiatric diseases. The response to LPS from the cyanobacteria Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RS-LPS), a TLR4 antagonist with an interesting anti-inflammatory potential, was also assessed.
methodsLPSs were intraperitoneally administered to Wistar rats and, as indicatives of neuroinflammation in CVOs, the cellular localization of the nuclear factor NF-κB was studied by immunofluorescence, and microglia morphology was quantified by fractal and skeleton analysis.
resultsData showed that EC-LPS increased NF-κB nuclear translocation in the three CVOs studied and PG-LPS only induced NF-κB nuclear translocation in the ME. RS-LPS showed no difference in NF-κB nuclear translocation compared to control. Microglia in the three CVOs showed an ameboid-shape after EC-LPS exposure, whereas PG-LPS only elicited a mild tendency to induce an ameboid shape. On the other hand, RS-LPS produced a markedly elongated morphology described as "rod" microglia in the three CVOs.
conclusionsIn conclusion, at the doses tested, EC-LPS induces a stronger neuroinflammatory response than PG-LPS in CVOs, which might be related to their different potency as TLR4 agonists. The non-reduction of basal NF-κB activation and induction of rod microglia by RS-LPS, a cell morphology only present in severe brain injury and infections, suggests that this molecule must be carefully studied before being proposed as an anti-inflammatory treatment for neuroinflammation related to neurodegenerative/psychiatric diseases.
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