ReviewBrain sciences2020
The Role of Movement Representation Techniques in the Motor Learning Process: A Neurophysiological Hypothesis and a Narrative Review.
Review in Brain sciences, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Combination of different noninvasive brain stimulation treatments for upper limb recovery in stroke patients: A systematic review.Brain and behavior · 2024Pooled it
- The effect of movement representation techniques on ankle function and performance in persons with or without a lateral ankle sprain: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of motor imagery on strength, range of motion, physical function, and pain intensity in patients with total knee arthroplasty: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brazilian journal of physical therapyPooled it
- Motor imagery enhances early rehabilitation in patients with high kinesiophobia after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of rehabilitation medicine · 2025Trial
- Utilization of Motor Imagery Training for Improvement of Balance of Ataxic Children after Medulloblastoma Resection.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Movement Representation Strategies as a Tool for Educational Innovation in Physiotherapy Students: A Randomized Single-Blind Controlled-Pilot Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Effects of Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectations on Motor Imagery-Induced Thermal and Mechanical Hypoalgesia: A Single-Blind Randomised Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effects of Virtual Reality versus Exercise on Pain, Functional, Somatosensory and Psychosocial Outcomes in Patients with Non-specific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Trial
- Differential modulation of sensorimotor alpha rhythms by motor imagery, electrical stimulation, and mirror visual feedback following peripheral nerve reconstruction: an EEG study.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Article
- Explicit Motor Imaging Abilities Are Similar in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Chronic Limb Pain and Healthy Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- The impact of thermal and auditory unpleasant stimulus on explicit motor imagery in healthy individuals: An experimental study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Combining motor imagery practice with physical practice optimizes the improvement in peak force control during thoracic spinal manipulation.The Journal of the Canadian Chiropractic Association · 2024Article
- Role of Immersive Virtual Reality in Motor Behaviour Decision-Making in Chronic Pain Patients.Brain sciences · 2023Review
- Repetitive Peripheral Magnetic Stimulation Combined with Motor Imagery Changes Resting-State EEG Activity: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Observing errors in a combination of error and correct models favors observational motor learning.BMC neuroscience · 2022Article
- Brain Function and Upper Limb Deficit in Stroke With Motor Execution and Imagery: A Cross-Sectional Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Action observation combined with gait training to improve gait and cognition in elderly with mild cognitive impairment A randomized controlled trial.Dementia & neuropsychologiaArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We present a neurophysiological hypothesis for the role of motor imagery (MI) and action observation (AO) training in the motor learning process. The effects of movement representation in the brain and those of the cortical-subcortical networks related to planning, executing, adjusting, and automating real movements share a similar neurophysiological activity. Coupled with the influence of certain variables related to the movement representation process, this neurophysiological activity is a key component of the present hypothesis. These variables can be classified into four domains: physical, cognitive-evaluative, motivational-emotional, and direct-modulation. The neurophysiological activity underlying the creation and consolidation of mnemonic representations of motor gestures as a prerequisite to motor learning might differ between AO and MI. Together with variations in cognitive loads, these differences might explain the differing results in motor learning. The mirror neuron system appears to function more efficiently through AO training than MI, and AO is less demanding in terms of cognitive load than MI. AO might be less susceptible to the influence of variables related to movement representation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.