ReviewInternational journal of environmental research and public health2019
Asbestos, Smoking and Lung Cancer: An Update.
Review in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 169 citations in OpenAlex.
- Examining the Environmental Ramifications of Asbestos Fiber Movement Through the Water-Soil Continuum: A Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Pooled it
- Lung cancer risk and occupational pulmonary fibrosis: systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Pooled it
- Brazilian Thoracic Society recommendations for the diagnosis and monitoring of asbestos-exposed individuals.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e Tisilogia · 2024Guideline
- Cancer Incidence Among Swedish Seafarers Between 1985 and 2020.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- Who participates in LDCT screening for the early detection of lung cancer after long-term occupational exposure to asbestos dust? Results of the analysis of administrative and medical routine data from the German Social Accident Insurance.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Occupational asbestos exposure and lung cancer: contemporary research trends, exploratory genetic evidence, and global burden from 1990 to 2021.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- The cell with many faces: lung macrophage plasticity and function in response to environmental and pathogenic insults.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Lung cancer risk prediction models and asbestos exposure: a validation study on the Western Australia Asbestos Review Program.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- An Evaluation of Mortality Rates and Their Determinants in a Cohort of Former Asbestos Miners in South Africa.American journal of industrial medicine · 2026Article
- Lung Cancer Screening in a Population from Northeast Italy Exposed to Both Asbestos and Smoking: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Calling With One Voice-Alignment of Strategy for Lung Cancer in Patients of African Descent.JTO clinical and research reports · 2026Article
- Lung Cancer in Never-Smokers: Risk Factors, Driver Mutations, and Therapeutic Advances.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Impact of interventions to prevent asbestos-related respiratory disease in an exposed worker registry using a simplified G-computation.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- COPD-Lung Cancer Comorbidity: Mechanistic Insights and Precision Oncology Implications.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Review
- Tobacco and alcohol use are the risk factors responsible for the greatest burden of head and neck cancers: a study from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.Annals of medicine · 2025Article
- Global burden of lung cancer attributable to occupational asbestos exposure: 1990 to 2021.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2025Article
- The Role of Breath Analysis in the Non-Invasive Early Diagnosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (MPM) and the Management of At-Risk Individuals.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- From Prognostic Marker to Therapeutic Agent: The Role of Nitric Oxide in Lung Cancer.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Review
- Cumulative asbestos exposure as a key predictor of long-term pleuropulmonary outcomes: insights from decades of follow-up.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2025Article
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review updates the scientific literature concerning asbestos and lung cancer, emphasizing cumulative exposure and synergism between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoke, and proposes an evidence-based and equitable approach to compensation for asbestos-related lung cancer cases. This update is based on several earlier reviews written by the second and third authors on asbestos and lung cancer since 1995. We reevaluated the peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies. In addition, selected in vivo and in vitro animal studies and molecular and cellular studies in humans were included. We conclude that the mechanism of lung cancer causation induced by the interdependent coaction of asbestos fibers and tobacco smoke at a biological level is a multistage stochastic process with both agents acting conjointly at all times. The new knowledge gained through this review provides the evidence for synergism between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoke in lung cancer causation at a biological level. The evaluated statistical data conform best to a multiplicative model for the interaction effects of asbestos and smoking on the lung cancer risk, with no requirement for asbestosis. Any asbestos exposure, even in a heavy smoker, contributes to causation. Based on this information, we propose criteria for the attribution of lung cancer to asbestos in smokers and non-smokers.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.