Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31905646›Full record

ReviewSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2019

Liquid Metal Antennas: Materials, Fabrication and Applications.

Kashif Nisar Paracha, Arslan Dawood Butt, Ali S Alghamdi, Suleiman Aliyu Babale, Ping Jack Soh

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2019. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Unperceivable Designs of Wearable Electronics.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Kashif Nisar ParachaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.
Arslan Dawood ButtDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan.ORCID 0000-0002-4704-2553
Ali S AlghamdiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Majmaah University, Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-2548-3921
Suleiman Aliyu BabaleDepartment of Electrical Engineering, Bayero University Kano, Kano 700241, Nigeria.
Ping Jack SohAdvanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis 02600, Malaysia.ORCID 0000-0002-6394-5330

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This work reviews design aspects of liquid metal antennas and their corresponding applications. In the age of modern wireless communication technologies, adaptability and versatility have become highly attractive features of any communication device. Compared to traditional conductors like copper, the flow property and lack of elasticity limit of conductive fluids, makes them an ideal alternative for applications demanding mechanically flexible antennas. These fluidic properties also allow innovative antenna fabrication techniques like 3D printing, injecting, or spraying the conductive fluid on rigid/flexible substrates. Such fluids can also be easily manipulated to implement reconfigurability in liquid antennas using methods like micro pumping or electrochemically controlled capillary action as compared to traditional approaches like high-frequency switching. In this work, we discuss attributes of widely used conductive fluids, their novel patterning/fabrication techniques, and their corresponding state-of-the-art applications.

Indexed as

antenna arrayEGaInflexible antennafluidic antennaGalinstanliquid metalmicrofluidic channelspatterning techniquesreconfigurable antennawearable antenna

Identifiers

PMID31905646
PMCPMC6983104

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.