Evidence map›Paper›PMID 31903505›Full record

ArticleProgress in orthodontics2020

Prevalence and severity of apical root resorption during orthodontic treatment with clear aligners and fixed appliances: a cone beam computed tomography study.

Yuan Li, Shiyong Deng, Li Mei, Zhengzheng Li, Xinyun Zhang, Chao Yang, Yu Li

Registry-linked trialOpen access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Progress in orthodontics, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07273552 (Efficacy of Root Torque Control in Adult Non-extraction Spacing Cases Treated With Directly 3D Printed Clear Aligners), which is not on this map. Cited by 68 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
68citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07273552 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Efficacy of Root Torque Control in Adult Non-extraction Spacing Cases Treated With Directly 3D Printed Clear Aligners: a Cone Beam Computed Tomography Study

TypeinterventionalSponsorSuez Canal UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled14ConditionsEffect of Direct Printed Aligners on Root TorqueArmsDirect printed aligners
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

68 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 147 citations in OpenAlex.

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  13. Crown-root ratio as an indicator for assessing orthodontic treatment-induced external apical root resorption.Journal of orofacial orthopedics = Fortschritte der Kieferorthopadie : Organ/official journal Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Kieferorthopadie · 2026
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8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Yuan LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Shiyong DengState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Li MeiDiscipline of Orthodontics, Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
Zhengzheng LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xinyun ZhangState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Chao YangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health statistics, School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
Yu LiState Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. yuli@scu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8578-7268
Sichuan University · CNSouthwest Medical University · CNUniversity of Otago · NZ

Funding

Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province 2018SZ0379National Natural Science Foundation of China 11372202
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFixed appliances have been the mainstream for orthodontic treatment, while clear aligners, such as Invisalign system, have become increasingly popular. The prevalence of apical root resorption (ARR) in patients with clear aligners is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the prevalence and severity of ARR in patients treated with clear aligners and fixed appliances using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND

methodsA total of 373 roots from 70 subjects, with similar baseline characteristics and the ABO discrepancy index scores (i.e., treatment difficulty), were included into two groups: the clear aligners group (Invisalign, Align Technology, California, USA) and fixed appliances group (Victory Series; 3 M Unitek, California, USA). Root length of each anterior tooth was measured on the CBCT images by two blinded investigators. The ARR on each tooth was calculated as the difference of root length before and after orthodontic treatment. Chi-square test and paired t test was used to compare the ARR between the two groups as well as before and after orthodontic treatments.

resultsPrevalence of ARR in the clear aligners group (56.30%) was significantly lower than that in the fixed appliances group (82.11%) (P < 0.001). The severity of ARR in the clear aligners group (0.13 ± 0.47 mm) was significantly less than that in the fixed appliances group (1.12 ± 1.34 mm) (P < 0.001). The most severe ARR was found on the maxillary canine (1.53 ± 1.92 mm) and lateral incisor (1.31 ± 1.33 mm) in the fixed appliances group; the least ARR was found on the mandibular canine (- 0.06 ± 0.47 mm) and lateral incisor (0.04 ± 0.48 mm) in the clear aligners group (P < 0.001).

conclusionsThe prevalence and severity of ARR measured on CBCT in patients with clear aligners were less than those in patients with fixed appliances.

Indexed as

Orthodontic Appliances, RemovableRoot ResorptionCone-Beam Computed TomographyHumansOrthodontic Appliances, FixedPrevalenceBracesCBCTClear alignersInvisalignRoot resorption

Identifiers

PMID31903505
PMCPMC6943096
OpenAlexW3004094345

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.